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91.
Sherman SV Wall MH Kennedy DJ Brooker RF Butterworth J 《Anesthesia and analgesia》2001,92(5):1117-1122
There are few quantitative data on the extent or mechanism of pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)-induced valvular dysfunction. We hypothesized that PACs cause or worsen tricuspid and pulmonic valvular regurgitation, and tested this hypothesis by using transesophageal echocardiography. In 54 anesthetized adult patients, we measured color Doppler jet areas of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in two planes (midesophageal [ME] 4-chamber and right ventricular inflow-outflow views) and pulmonic insufficiency (PI) in one plane (ME aortic valve long-axis view), both before and after we advanced a PAC into the pulmonary artery. Regurgitant jet areas and hemodynamic measurements were compared by using paired t-test. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate after passage of the PAC. After PAC placement, the mean PI jet area was not significantly increased. The mean TR jet area increased significantly in the right ventricular inflow-outflow view (+0.37 +/- 0.11 cm(2)) (P = 0.0014), but did not increase at the ME 4-chamber view. Seventeen percent of patients had an increase in TR jet area > or =1 cm(2); 8% of patients had an increase in PI jet area >/=1 cm(2). IMPLICATIONS: In patients without pulmonic or tricuspid valvular pathology, placement of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) worsened tricuspid regurgitation, which is consistently visualized in the right ventricular inflow-outflow view, and often not seen in the midesophageal 4-chamber view. This is consistent with malcoaptation of the anterior and posterior leaflets. PAC-induced pulmonic insufficiency was rarely detected in the midesophageal aortic valve long-axis view. We conclude that a PAC is very unlikely to be the sole cause of severe tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonic insufficiency. 相似文献
92.
Phorbol ester-sensitive EL4 murine thymoma cells respond to phorbol 12-
myristate 13-acetate with activation of ERK mitogen-activated protein
kinases, synthesis of interleukin-2, and death, whereas phorbol ester-
resistant variants of this cell line do not exhibit these responses.
Additional aspects of the resistant phenotype were examined, using a
newly-established resistant cell line. Phorbol ester induced morphological
changes, ERK activation, calcium-dependent activation of the c-Jun
N-terminal kinase (JNK), interleukin-2 synthesis, and growth inhibition in
sensitive but not resistant cells. A series of protein kinase C activators
caused membrane translocation of protein kinase C's (PKCs) alpha, eta, and
theta in both cell lines. While PKC eta was expressed at higher levels in
sensitive than in resistant cells, overexpression of PKC eta did not
restore phorbol ester-induced ERK activation to resistant cells. In
sensitive cells, PKC activators had similar effects on cell viability and
ERK activation, but differed in their abilities to induce JNK activation
and interleukin-2 synthesis. PD 098059, an inhibitor of the mitogen
activated protein (MAP)/ERK kinase kinase MEK, partially inhibited ERK
activation and completely blocked phorbol ester-induced cell death in
sensitive cells. Thus MEK and/or ERK activation, but not JNK activation or
interleukin-2 synthesis, appears to be required for phorbol ester-induced
toxicity. Alterations in phorbol ester response pathways, rather than
altered expression of PKC isoforms, appear to confer phorbol ester
resistance to EL4 cells.
相似文献
93.
The present report describes psychobiological studies of behavior around the time of birth. An adaptive, ecological perspective is presented in which stimulation of the fetus and newborn is purported to instigate adaptive postpartum behavior. Studies describing the perinatal sensory environment are reviewed, with a consideration of emergent sensory function of the fetus. It is asserted that afferent input associated with parturition perturbs the fetus and neonate, producing a general arousal state that facilitates breathing, suckling, and early learning. The view developed herein is that perinatal sensory input induces and canalizes the newborn's behavior, thereby regulating adaptive postpartum function. Deviations in afferent input may alter ontogenetic trajectories and compromise developmental outcome by reducing availability of conditions necessary for adequate postpartum adaptation. 相似文献
94.
95.
In utero diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm by ultrasound 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary A large midline supratentorial cystic lesion with associated cardiomegaly was seen in utero by ultrasound during the 34th week of pregnancy. The provisional diagnosis of a vein of Galen aneurysm was confirmed with CT and angiography after birth. 相似文献
96.
Butterworth J.; Ririe D. G.; Thompson R. B.; Walker F. O.; Jackson D.; James R. L. 《British journal of anaesthesia》1998,81(4):515-521
We have compared the delay in onset of 1% mepivacaine and 0.33% bupivacaine
in different nerve fibre types in 10 volunteers undergoing median nerve
blocks, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Hot, cold, pinprick
and light touch sensations, compound motor action potentials (CMAP),
sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) and skin temperature were recorded
at 2-min intervals. Hot, cold, pinprick, light touch sensations, SNAP and
CMAP were significantly inhibited, and skin temperature was significantly
increased after administration of both agents. The first noticeable
reduction in cold sensation was detected later after bupivacaine compared
with mepivacaine, but after a delay similar to that of other nerve
functions. Bupivacaine and mepivacaine inhibited SNAP and CMAP with a
similar time delay to steady- state. Bupivacaine produced steady-state
inhibition of hot and cold sensations significantly later than mepivacaine;
nevertheless, the sequence that sensory modalities failed, with few
exceptions, and the extent of anaesthesia at 40 min were similar for both
agents. Our technique provides a novel, multi-modal method of comparing
local anaesthetics and related agents over time.
相似文献
97.
Neil Brocklehurst BNurs MSc RGN RHV DN Cert Tony Butterworth MSc PhD RMN RGN RNT DipN 《Journal of advanced nursing》1996,24(3):488-497
This paper presents findings from a 2-year study of community nursing services for people affected by HIV infection in six health authorities in England The research, commissioned by the Department of Health, England, aimed to identify the main bridges and barriers to effective home nursing care, focusing on discharge co-ordination, district nursing and multi-agency collaboration Using a triangulated, case study approach, the main methods of data collection included non-participant observation, case note analysis, semi-structured staff interviews, a postal questionnaire of district nurses and a series of focus groups with service users Study sites included three cities and surrounding districts in the north west, north and south east of England Findings suggest there is considerable room for improvement in discharge planning and that good practice is not the preserve of specialist units District nurses are shown to be willing providers of the majority of home nursing care to this client group, but there is a need for more focused training, greater use of care co-ordinators and more emotional and managerial support 相似文献
98.
Ultrasonography of partial hydatidiform mole 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
99.
100.
R F Butterworth E Hamel F Landreville A Barbeau 《The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques》1979,6(2):217-222
Thiamine-deficient encephalopathy in the rat is characterized by ataxic gait, loss of righting reflex and curvature of the spine. Neurochemical changes include a diminished activity of cerebral pyruvate decarboxylase leading to abnormal pyruvate oxidation. The present study shows that this defective pyruvate oxidation produces a significant depletion of three important amino acid neurotransmitters, namely gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Such changes could lead to severe neuronal dysfunction and the observed neurological symptoms of thiamine deficiency. Some implications for the pathogenesis of Friedreich's ataxia are discussed. 相似文献