灰黄霉素中灰黄霉酸杂质及色泽的考查

目的：本文采用薄层色谱法考查了不同厂家灰黄霉素中灰黄霉酸杂质的存在。方法；以丙酮为溶媒，精制灰黄霉素，摸索分离条件，探讨杂质限度，考查产品色泽。结果：杂质均值为０．２７６％，ＲＳＤ为０．１６８％。结论：对改进产品检验方法，提高产品质量具有一定的参考价值。     

An assessment of the interval between booster doses of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the Torres Strait

OBJECTIVE: Japanese encephalitis (JE) emerged for the first time in the Torres Strait, north Australia, in 1995. The inactivated mouse-brain derived JE vaccine was offered to all residents of the outer Torres Strait Islands prior to the 1996 wet season. This study was undertaken to determine the appropriateness of the recommended three-year interval between booster doses of the vaccine. METHODS: JE neutralising antibody was measured in residents of Badu Island for whom 30-36 months had passed since either a previous booster or the completion of the primary immunisation series. RESULTS: Only 70 (32%) of 219 eligible individuals had protective antibodies; 50 (37%) of the adults were immune, compared with 20 (24%) of the children (odds ratio (OR) 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.74). CONCLUSIONS: This low level of immunity suggests that there is little in the way of natural boosting from either JE or other closely related viruses. Given the apparent low level of risk of exposure to the JE virus in the Torres Strait, and the logistical complexities involved in delivering the booster doses, the current recommendation of a three-year interval is not inappropriate. IMPLICATIONS: It would be advantageous to have a JE vaccine that is not only safer but also more immunogenic, so that it might be possible to further increase the booster dose interval.     

Bowen's disease of the nipple-a new method of treatment

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) is a common skin condition but has only rarely been described on the nipple. All reported cases have been treated with wide local excision and observation. A new treatment for Bowen's disease is photodynamic therapy. This has been reported as being able to treat Bowen's disease in other sites effectively with an acceptable local recurrence rate. We describe two patients presenting with itching and scaling of the nipple which were histologically proven Bowen's disease, one of these patients was treated successfully with a combination of photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy: this is the first time such a lesion has been treated in this way.