A phenomenological content analysis of online support seeking by siblings of people with autism

With the sharp increase in diagnosis rates of autism spectrum disorder, more family members are caring for and being raised with individuals with autism. Although research has examined parents’ experiences of raising a child with autism, more knowledge is needed regarding neuro-typical siblings’ experiences. One way to understand siblings’ experiences is to hear their own recollections as shared through online peer forums. The purpose of this phenomenological content analysis was to understand the unfiltered experiences of neuro-typical adults who grew up with a sibling with autism spectrum disorder as they sought support online. Secondary analysis of online blog posts generated four themes: Unique family relationships; Complex spectrum of emotional experiences; Autism influencing life trajectories; A spectrum of coping strategies. Results provide useful implications for professionals working with these families and for researchers studying autism.     

Maternal prenatal cortisol and the interaction of income and pre-pregnancy body mass index are independently associated with newborn cortisol

While extensive research has supported the developmental programming hypothesis regarding contributions of prenatal psychosocial or nutritional adversity to offspring stress physiology, fewer studies consider both exposures together with maternal stress physiology. This study examined newborn cortisol output during a stressor as a function of maternal pre-pregnancy health status and nutritional history (pre-pregnancy body mass index [PPBMI]), economic resources (household income), and maternal cortisol awakening response (mCAR) in late pregnancy. Participants were 102 mother-infant pairs from an economically and racial/ethnically diverse sample. Offspring salivary cortisol response to a neurobehavioral exam was assessed at 1 month. Income and maternal PPBMI were positively associated with mCAR in late pregnancy. mCAR was positively related to 1-month newborn cortisol response. The interaction of income and PPBMI was positively associated with newborn cortisol output during an exam at 1-month. Mothers with the highest PPBMI and lowest income had offspring with higher cortisol responses than offspring of mothers with higher income and lower PPBMI. There was no evidence of indirect mediation effects of predictors (PPBMI, income, and interaction) on infant cortisol via mCAR. The differential effects of the interaction of PPBMI and income suggest that these exposures influence infant cortisol output in the context of one another, independent of maternal pregnancy cortisol.