双波长紫外分光光度法测定贝母中腺苷和胸苷的含量

将4种贝母的甲醇提取物经薄层色谱法粗分离后,直接用双波长紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果表明,该方法线性关系好,腺苷和胸苷标准曲线的相关系数均为0.9999,同时也发现平贝、炉贝和伊贝中腺苷都占核苷总量60%以上,而浙贝中仅占约40%,提示贝母生药的抗凝血活性可能与贝母中核苷类化合物的种类和含量的差别有关。     

Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men occupationally exposed to organic solvents

An occupational history of exposure to organic solvents, defined as daily occupational exposure for at least one year, was more common among 167 men with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than among 130 healthy referents from the general population (38 versus 14%). Categorization in five-year age groups gave 3.3 as a Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (95% CI 1.9-5.8). The odds ratio was 6.5 (95% CI 3.2-13.3) for localized supradiaphragmatic tumors and 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.3) for other lymphoma presentations. In a logistic model including age and organic solvent, phenoxy acid, and chlorophenol exposure, it could be shown that solvent exposure was an independent risk factor and that no important interaction occurred between the risk factors. With increasing duration of exposure there was a significantly increased risk of lymphoma, a finding implying a dose-response relationship. There was no significant difference in tumor histology between the exposed and unexposed patients. These findings support the concept that occupational exposure to organic solvents is a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The results also confirm a strong association between such exposure and an initial supradiaphragmatic location of the lymphomas.     

Acute hemodynamic effects of piroximone (MDL 19,205) in patients with moderate congestive heart failure: comparison with sodium nitroprusside

Piroximone (MDL 19,205), a new imidazolone derivative, was given intravenously to 14 patients with congestive heart failure (NYHA class II-III), while under constant daily doses of digitalis and diuretics. In the first 3 patients, we determined the dose safely eliciting a favorable hemodynamic response. The subsequent 11 patients received 1 mg/kg of piroximone intravenously, and the hemodynamic effects were compared with those of sodium nitroprusside (SN) at a dose-lowering mean blood pressure by 10-20 mm Hg. Piroximone increased heart rate (13.2 +/- 2.0 beats/min, mean +/- SEM) and lowered mean arterial pressure (9 +/- 2.3 mm Hg). Both agents reduced similarly wedge pressure (6.5 +/- 2.9 and 9 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, respectively, for SN and piroximone) and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac index was increased less by SN (15%) than piroximone (48%) (p less than 0.001), and stroke work index significantly enhanced only by piroximone (p less than 0.001). The changes in loading conditions induced by the two agents being similar, it is likely that piroximone not only acts by peripheral vasodilation, but also possesses positive inotropic properties. Myocardial oxygen demand, assessed indirectly by tension-time index, was not affected by piroximone. Thus, piroximone appears to combine well-balanced vasodilator and inotropic properties which make this new agent potentially very useful for the management of congestive heart failure.     

Weichteilemphysem ungewöhnlichen Ausmaßes

Streptococcus agalactiae, known as a pathogen that causes meningitis and septicemia in neonates, emerges as an invasive organism in nonpregnant adults. This case report describes the fulminant course of a necrotizing fasciitis (NF) with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS) in a 76-year-old diabetic patient caused by S. agalactiae, serotype V. Chronic diseases and immunodeficiency are considered to be risk factors for the acquisition of group B streptococcal disease. Since early surgical treatment in conjunction with antimicrobial and intensive care therapy is critical for the outcome of patients with NF and/or STSS, clinicians should be aware of invasive S. agalactiae infections in adults with subcutaneous emphysema.     

Long-term retention of implicit learning in Huntington''s disease

Implicit learning was examined in 15 Huntington's disease (HD) patients and 15 control subjects (NC) using a semantic decision-making task. HD patients demonstrated only slightly reduced priming; like NC subjects, their decision times decreased over repeated presentations, though to a somewhat lesser degree. On explicit recognition testing, the HD group made significantly more false positive errors than did the control group, suggesting an impairment of effortful retrieval. The groups displayed equivalent retention of implicitly learned material after 6 months. The striatal neuronal loss of early Huntington's disease does not markedly affect priming or retention of primed stimuli, but may alter explicit memory judgements.     

Incidence of post-lumbar puncture syndrome reduced by reinserting the stylet: a randomized prospective study of 600 patients

The post-lumbar puncture syndrome (PLPS) can best be explained by prolonged spinal fluid leakage owing to delayed closure of a dural defect. Its incidence after spinal anaesthesia is much lower than after diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP). This difference could be caused by a strand of arachnoid, which might enter the needle with the outflowing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during diagnostic LP and upon removal of the needle be threaded back through the dura to produce prolonged CSF leakage. To find a technique that further reduces the incidence of PLPS, this hypothesis was tested by evaluating the effect that reinserting the stylet before removing the needle had on the incidence of PLPS. By reinserting the stylet to the tip of the needle, the hypothesized strand would be pushed out, thereby reducing the frequency of PLPS. Sprotte’s “atraumatic needle” (21 gauge) was used for LP. A total of 600 patients participated in the prospective study. They were randomized into two groups and questioned about their complaints every day for up to 7 days after the LP. All LPs were performed by two experienced neurologists (T.B., M.S.). In 300 patients, the stylet was reinserted to the tip of the needle; in the other 300 it was not reinserted. Whereas 49 of the 300 patients without reinsertion developed PLPS, only 15 of the 300 patients with reinsertion did. This significant difference (16.3 vs 5.0%, P < 0.005, chi square test) supports our hypothesis. On the basis of our results, we recommend reinserting the stylet before removing the needle in order to reduce the incidence of PLPS. Received: 30 September 1997 Received in revised form: 9 March 1998 Accepted: 20 March 1998     

Diagnostik der malignen Tumore der Harnblase

Das Blasenkarzinom ist der h?ufigste maligne Tumor des Harntraktes und macht 3,5% aller Krebstodesf?lle aus. Es ist eine Erkrankung mit stark variierendem Erscheinungsbild, das einer differenzierten Diagnostik bedarf. Neben der prim?ren Erkrankung haben die diagnostischen Ma?nahmen das Ziel, die Tumorkrankheit in ihrer Gesamtheit zu erfassen, mit Lokalisation des Prim?rtumors, Bestimmung seines Stadiums und seines Differenzierungsgrades. Die Diagnostik unterscheidet zwischen uni- und multifokalem Wachstum, weist ein evtl. begleitendes Carcinoma in situ oder eine Dysplasie nach, erfa?t eine lymphatische oder h?matogene Dissemination und erkennt eine Wandüberschreitung des Tumors oder eine Metastasierung. Eine übersicht über die diagnostischen Ma?nahmen gibt Tabelle 1.     

In vivo induction of Ia expression in murine cornea after intravitreal injection of interferon-gamma

Intravitreal injection of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induces increased expression of Class II major histocompatibility complex (Ia) antigen expression on corneal endothelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. In contrast, IFN-gamma has no detectable effect on Ia antigen expression in epithelium. Induction of Ia antigen expression was rapid with increases detectable as early as 6-12 hours after a single injection of 1 x 10(5) units. Expression peaked at 24-48 hours and decreased to background levels by 120 hours. The Ia antigen expression increased in a dose-dependent manner, and IFN-gamma treatment also induced the synthesis of increased amounts of a 65-kilodalton (kD) protein in the cornea. Increased levels of this 65-kd protein are seen as early as 12 hours after treatment and can be induced with as little as 1 x 10(2) units of IFN-gamma. The function of the 65-kd protein is unknown. This model should be useful in studies on in vivo modulation of Ia antigen expression.     

AIDS in historical perspective: four lessons from the history of sexually transmitted diseases.

Four lessons from the social history of sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. are assessed for their relevance to the current AIDS epidemic: fear of disease will powerfully influence medical approaches and public health policy, education will not control the AIDS epidemic, compulsory public health measures will not control the epidemic, and the development of effective treatment and vaccines will not immediately or easily end the AIDS epidemic. Diseases are complex bio-ecological problems that may be mitigated only by addressing a range of scientific, social, and political considerations; no single intervention will address the complexities of the AIDS epidemic.