60家医院创建无烟医院对医生控烟知识态度行为的影响

目的：通过创建无烟医院活动,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为,并对干预效果进行评价。方法：在北京、上海、广州选择60家医院创建无烟医院,对全院医生开展控烟干预,在干预前对19580名医生、干预后对20772名医生进行问卷调查,了解医生的吸烟状况和控烟知识、态度与行为的变化。结果：通过一年的控烟干预,医生吸烟率由...     

抗体介导的排斥反应与临床

随着器官移植体液免疫理论的发展与抗体检测技术的进步,抗体介导的排斥反应(AMR)已逐渐被认识和引起关注。其治疗难度大、逆转率较低,已成为导致移植物失功的重要原因。本文较为系统地介绍了AMR的免疫机制、诊断与防治进展,以及供者特异性抗体的检测技术和临床意义,从而提出供者特异性抗体是引起移植物排斥反应特别是慢性排斥反应的主要原因,移植受者需常规监测抗体以利及时干预和治疗。     

右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术的效果探讨

目的探讨右美托咪定用于腹腔镜子宫切除术全麻维持的效果。方法选取该院进行腹腔镜子宫切除术患者100例,随机分为两组,研究组气管插管后静脉泵注右美托咪定;对照组不使用右美托咪定。结果研究组的自主呼吸恢复时间、气管导管拔出时间、术后清醒时间优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论右美托咪定静脉泵注用于全麻维持可缩短患者的全麻复苏时间,效果显著。     

Eskimo women and a menstrual cycle study: Some ethnographic notes

This article examines ethnographic data collected from indigenous Alaskan women who participated in a menstrual cycle study conducted by The Tremin Trust Research Program, initially known as the Menstruation and Reproductive History Program (MRH). In the 1960s, the MRH program was expanded to Alaska to study non‐Caucasian women's menstrual cycles. In addition, an ethnographer collected data through participation observation from some 345 women who participated in the MRH study. These data were recorded in field notebooks during site visits to Alaskan villages. Major themes and contextual information were identified in the data that described the daily lives of the women and their experiences as research participants. Eskimo women described the cultural conflicts that arose during the conduct of the menstrual studies and problems encountered when the investigators failed to account for the traditional gender roles in Eskimo society. Cultural differences were apparent when the women described the culturally inappropriate health education provided by the research team. The goals of the menstrual cycle study emphasized research progress rather than the health needs of the research participants; this emphasis accentuated the severity of health problems and the lack of health services experienced by Eskimo women.     

Quality control of multidrug resistance assays in adult acute leukemia: correlation between assays for P-glycoprotein expression and activity

We have compared multiple assays for the P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1) phenotype in fresh and thawed adult acute leukemia to validate and quantitate measures for the expression and function of Pgp. The results are related to the Pgp-expressing KB8 and KB8-5 call lines. The most sensitive assay was the measurement of modulation of the rhodamine 123 (R123) fluorescence by 2 micromol/L PSC833, followed by the modulation of the probe calcein-AM. We also found a good intralaboratory and interlaboratory correlation between the values of the R123/PSC833 assay for fresh as well as thawed samples. In addition, the affects of PSC833 on 3H-daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation, DNR fluorescence, and 3H- vincristine accumulation were very similar. The correlation between the DNR/PSC833 and R123/PSC833 test was r = .86 (N = 51). The modulation of drug accumulation by 8 micromol/L verapamil was the some as the PSC833 effect for DNR (117%, N = 21), but was higher for vincristine in every single case (161% v 121%, N = 22; P< .001), indicating additional verapamil effects, not related to Pgp. The correlation of the staining of viable cells for Pgp with the monoclonal antibody MRK16 was r = .77 (N = 52) for the R123/PSC833 functional test and r = .84 (N = 50) for the DNR/PSC833 test. From these results it could be calculated that a maximal increase of the mean DNR accumulation of about 50% can be achieved by blocking Pgp pump activity with PSC833 in leukemic blast samples with the highest mean Pgp expression. Subpopulations of blast calls with higher Pgp activity are likely to be present. Their relevance has to be studied further. The methods outlined here allow the reliable, quantitative monitoring of the Pgp/MDR1 phenotype in leukemias in multicentered, clinical Pgp modulation studies.