Thrombosed synthetic hemodialysis access fistulas: failure of fibrinolytic therapy

Seven episodes of acute thrombosis occurring in five patients with polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis fistulas were treated with local infusions of low-dose streptokinase. Bleeding from previous dialysis puncture sites necessitated stopping the infusion in six out of seven patients, although in one of these six, the graft reopened. The seventh patient had never been dialyzed through the graft and thrombolysis was achieved without incident. Surgery was avoided in only one patient. The authors contend that in these patients the risks of fibrinolytic therapy outweigh the benefits. Surgical thrombectomy, coupled with intraoperative angiography and possible angioplasty, is the preferred method of treating these patients. Venography prior to the creation of the fistula helps the surgeon avoid diseased vessels and may avert early failure of the fistula.     

言语流畅的测量及其神经生理基础

目的:介绍言语流畅性的测量工具,考察言语流畅性与记忆之间的关系,探讨言语流畅性的神经生理基础。资料来源:应用计算机检索Sciencedirect 1975-07/2005-05中与言语流畅性相关的文献,检索词为“verbal fluency”,限定文章语言种类为英文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取文章标题中含有“verbal fluency”的英文文献。纳入标准:①对言语流畅性测量任务的研究。②对言语流畅性与记忆的研究。③对言语流畅性神经生理基础的研究。资料提炼:共收集到651篇关于言语流畅性的文章,纳入30篇用于本综述。资料综合:测量言语流畅性的任务主要分为简单任务(包括音位流畅性任务和语义流畅性任务)与复杂任务(包括可能工作、替代使用、草拟、推断、物品制作以及新的使用方法等)。言语流畅性任务的完成主要涉及到记忆搜索的过程,另外,精细组织的语义网络系统对于言语流畅性任务来说也是非常重要的。言语流畅性的神经生理基础包括了总体基础,前额叶,海马以及大脑两半球的不对称性。结论:言语流畅性作为人类语言基本技能的一项指标,对语言认知研究具有极其重要的意义。它不仅是神经心理研究的一项非常重要的检测和诊断指标,也是一种研究人类心理的非常有用的研究工具,是探索人类语言与认知、创造之迷进而探索人类意识之迷的钥匙。     

聚乙二醇干扰素α（-2b或α-2a与利巴韦林联合治疗丙型肝炎疗效比较

背景及目的：随机对照临床试验已经表明阿司匹林可降低结直肠癌的发生风险,动物实验还发现其可抑制肿瘤生长与转移,但阿司匹林与已确诊结直肠癌患者存活率的关系仍不可知.本研究探讨了在已确诊的结直肠癌患者中,阿司匹林与结直肠癌总体存活率的关系.     

阿司匹林与结直肠癌存活率的关系

背景及目的：随机对照临床试验已经表明阿司匹林可降低结直肠癌的发生风险,动物实验还发现其可抑制肿瘤生长与转移,但阿司匹林与已确诊结直肠癌患者存活率的关系仍不可知.本研究探讨了在已确诊的结直肠癌患者中,阿司匹林与结直肠癌总体存活率的关系.     

Human Calcitonin Delivery in Rats by Iontophoresis

Abstract— In-vitro iontophoresis (0·33 mA cm⁻²) of calcitonin (50 μg mL⁻¹, pH 4) was performed with the hairless rat skin model. Direct current was as potent as pulse current (2·5 kHz on/off 1/1) iontophoresis in promoting transdermal permeation of calcitonin. Increase in duration of current application from 20 min to 1 h did not increase calcitonin flux. Results suggest that calcitonin can be blocked in the skin pores through which it travels or can accumulate in the skin and be progressively released from the depot. Invivo experiments showed that transdermal iontophoretic administration of calcitonin induced a hypocalcaemic effect in rats.     

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

Lymphadenopathy is the commonest presentation in HIV positive individuals. Fine needle aspiration cytology of 196 HIV positive patients was studied during six monthly review. 75% paients in this study who were asymptomatic were detected to have lymphadenopathy during the surveillance. 82% had lymph nodes smaller than 1cm size. Lymphadenopathy at more than one site was observed in 46.8% cases. Commonest opportunistic infection noticed was tuberculosis (TB) in 34.2%. Cyto-morphologically reactive pattern with Add fast bacilli (AFB) positivity was observed in 16.4% of TB cases. In 2.9% cases AFB were detected even in the tissue fluid. Negative images of AFB were observed in the macrophages in 3 cases. TB was detected with equal frequency in both asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. Axillary nodes pose problem due to deeper location. False positives were a case of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy and a case of Kimura''s disease. False negatives include two cases of TB lymphadenitis. Pathogens should be looked for irrespective of cyto-morphology. Biopsy should be done to confirm cases of lymphomas. Fine needle aspiration cytology should be included in the protocol of six monthly review of HIV infected cases.KEY WORDS: AIDS, FNAC, HIV, Lymph node, Tuberculosis     

Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy

The dominant cone-rod dystrophy gene CORD6 has previously been mapped to within an 8 cM interval on chromosome 17p12-p13. The retinal- specific guanylate cyclase gene (RETGC-1), which maps to within this genetic interval and previously was implicated in Leber's congenital amaurosis, was screened for mutations within this family and in a panel of small families and individuals with various cone and cone- rod dystrophy phenotypes. A missense mutation (E837D) was identified in affected members of the CORD6 family, as well as a second missense mutation (R838C) in three other families with dominant cone-rod dystrophy. RETGC-1 is only the fourth gene to be implicated in cone-rod dystrophy and this is the first report of dominant mutations in this gene.