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51.
T Sj?heim J Kongerud O Bj?rtuft P A Drabl?s D Malterud T S Halstensen 《The European respiratory journal》2006,28(6):1138-1144
Cigarette smoking may alter bronchial inflammation in asthma. Multicolour immunohistofluorescent examination on bronchial cryosections was used to examine bronchial inflammatory cell infiltrate in patients with occupational asthma. Monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, T-cell receptor-delta1, CD68 and human leukocyte antigen-DR were combined to identify T-cell subsets and macrophages in bronchial biopsies from 20 workers with occupational asthma (12 smokers and eight nonsmokers), 15 healthy workers (seven smokers and eight nonsmokers) and 10 nonsmoking, nonexposed controls. The increased subepithelial CD4+ T-cell density in nonsmoking asthmatics was not present in smoking asthmatics, who had the lowest CD4+ T-cell density of all groups. The decreased subepithelial CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell density correlated with a reduction in lung function, as measured by percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, in smoking asthmatics only. Although smoking asthmatics had a significantly increased number of intraepithelial CD8+ T-cells and macrophages compared with nonsmoking asthmatics, the proportion of gammadelta-T-cells was significantly decreased in both asthmatic groups. Smoking asthmatics had a distinctly different distribution of T-cell subsets compared with nonsmoking asthmatics. The accumulation of subepithelial CD4+ T-cells, which was observed in nonsmoking asthmatics, appeared to be inhibited in smoking asthmatics, suggesting a smoking-induced bronchial immune modulation, at least in occupational asthma in the aluminium industry. 相似文献
52.
Martin Døssing Steffen Groth Jørgen Vestbo Ole Lyngenbo 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1990,62(3):209-212
Summary Among 701 Copenhagen plumbers we examined the lung function of 23 never smokers, who had removed asbestos insulation and intermittently been exposed to high levels of asbestos for about 25 years without being exposed to welding fume. The plumbers had significantly lower TLC, MEF25, MEF50, closing volume and closing capacity in comparison to 23 never smoking electricians without asbestos exposure. There was no reduction in TLCO. Pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA was normal indicating that the asbestos had not induced increases in pulmonary epithelial permeability. However, in 11 of the 23 plumbers the 99m-Tc-DTPA ventilation scintigrams had a slightly irregular and spotty appearance, which together with the results of the lung function tests are suggestive of small airways' dysfunction. None of the subjects had symptoms or clinical signs of lung disease. 相似文献
53.
International comparisons show that populations having a high consumption of fish experience low incidence of breast cancer. We compared death rates from breast cancer among socioeconomic groups in a prospective study of 533,276 Norwegian women aged 35–54 years who were followed from 1970 through 1985. Compared with the reference group (wives of unskilled workers) the fishermen's wives had a decreased risk of breast cancer with a relative risk (RR) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.47–0.94) adjusted for age and the number of children. Among fishermen's wives who were parous, adjustment for age at first birth gave an RR of 0.62 (CI=0.43–0.91). This study supports the hypothesis that certain aspects of diet, i. e., fish consumption, may be associated with lower breast-cancer mortality.Drs Lund and Bønaa are with the Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Address correspondence to Dr Lund, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. 相似文献
54.
55.
Danuta Wasserman Christer HellstrÖm Jerzy Wasserman Olof Beck Eva Andersson Marie Åsberg 《Archives of Suicide Research》1997,3(3):153-169
The aim of this study was to investigate markers of serotonin and immune function in suicidal patients. Cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells (NK) and CD16 lymphocytes were studied in 28 suicide attempters and 26 healthy controls, and related in patients to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with CSF 5-HIAA below the median had significantly lower NK cell activity than other patients. CD16 cell frequency was significantly lower in patients than in controls, and patients also tended to have lower NK cell cytotoxicity than healthy controls. There were no statistically significant correlations between 4-hydroxy-3methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), CSF cortisol and NK cell activity. The results support the hypothesis of compromised immune function in suicidal patients with evidence of disordered serotonin function. 相似文献
56.
Summary Plain radiography, myelography and post-myelographic CT-scan are described and related to clinical findings in a prospective
study of 153 consecutive patients with myelographic signs of spinal cord compression. The majority of the metastatic tumours
arise in the vertebral body or the pedicles. In 80% of the patients with total blockage to the contrast medium on myelography
the post-myelographic-CT showed passage of the contrast medium. Ambulatory function at time of diagnosis was correlated to
the degree and the localization of the epidural block. In 64 patients who underwent a second myelography, the post-treatment
findings of sensory function were correlated to radiological regression. 相似文献
57.
Jens Toft Birger Hesse Alan Rabøl Steen Carstensen Samir Ali 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1997,24(4):409-414
Reference data files support the evaluation of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission tomography (SPET). The aim of this study was to create a large reference data base for technetium-99m sestamibi SPET, age and gender matched to the general patient population. One hundred and twenty-eight healthy volunteers (76 males and 52 females) with a likelihood of coronary artery disease of less than 5% underwent rest and maximal exercise99mTc-sestamibi SPET with a 2-day protocol and 180° elliptical rotation. The normalized activity values of99mTc-sestamibi in the inferior wall differed significantly between men and women. Age variations were found for men in the anterior wall. Normalized activity values in all four walls were strikingly similar during rest and stress. Our results suggest that the use of reference files in99mTc-sestamibi SPET requires a gender- and, for males, possibly an age-matched reference population. Different reference files at rest and during stress might not be necessary. 相似文献
58.
59.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain information about how patients perceive the health care delivered in an emergency department. SETTING: Patients who visited the ED at a Swedish university hospital during the daytime on Monday through Friday during a four-week period and were expected to be discharged from the ED after their visit were included in the study. Other criteria for participation were the patients' mental and physical abilities to fill out a questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred eighty-seven patients (110 women and 77 men) classified as orthopedic, gynecologic, internal medical, surgical, or neurologic patients evaluated their perception of the health care delivered in the ED by filling out a questionnaire after arrival and before discharge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The perceptions of the care received were on average quite positive. This was supported indirectly by the fact that scored pain, strength, calmness, and despair changed in a positive direction during the ED stay. However, a pattern of varying satisfaction appeared when the patients were dichotomized into three groups according to how they had perceived their first information on arrival. Fourteen percent of the patients had received exact information, 20% were partly informed, and 66% had received no information about what was going to happen to them next. Those who received the most information at the time of arrival at the ED were more satisfied with the general treatment (P less than .05), respect (P less than .01), and attitude (P less than .05) later shown by the staff as well as with the information given later (P less than .05) than were the patients who had received no information at all on arrival. The general evaluation of the ED was more positively (P less than .001) scored by the patients who received the most information (they were more satisfied) compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSION: The information given to patients on arrival at the ED may be important to a positive perception of the care given during their stay. 相似文献
60.
Anders Bj?rkman Peter J?rgsholm 《Nordisk plastikkirurgisk forening [and] Nordisk klubb for handkirurgi》2004,38(1):32-35
Although rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is a well-known complication of distal radial fractures, a number of patients rupture the EPL because of other conditions. We have retrospectively studied the aetiology of 27 ruptures of the EPL in 26 consecutive patients. Of 19 patients with injured wrists 12 had distal radial fractures, five had blunt trauma, and two had stab wounds that resulted in rupture. In the radial fractures operated on, the EPL rupture was caused by chafing against a dorsal plate (n = 2) or wear against the pins of an external fixator (n = 2). Six patients were taking steroids for systemic diseases and in two cases a local steroid injection was given just before the rupture. We conclude that previous injury is the most common cause of rupture of the EPL. but that rheumatoid arthritis or local or systemic steroids, or both, are also important aetiological factors. Seven patients had an iatrogenic cause for their rupture. 相似文献