妇科肿瘤病人化疗期间自我护理能力、自我护理行为与健康教育需求调查分析

[目的]了解妇科肿瘤病人化疗期间自我护理能力、自我护理行为与健康教育需求状况,为制订有效促进病人自护能力、自护行为的健康教育方式提供理论依据。[方法]采用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)、健康促进生活方式量表(HPL)、自制的健康教育需求量表对90例妇科化疗病人进行调查分析。[结果]病人的自我护理能力得分为111.28分±17.63分,自我护理行为得分为122.48分±20.08分,最希望的健康教育方式为医生或护士口头告知。[结论]妇科化疗病人自护能力及行为有待提高,妇科护理工作者可以尝试通过加强健康教育干预,提高病人的自我护理能力,促进自我护理行为。     

Borrelia in Ethiopian ticks

Two regions (Jimma and Dire Dawa) in Ethiopia were investigated for the presence of soft ticks. Although no Ornithodoros spp. ticks were collected during this survey, published records of their existence in Ethiopia were found. An overwhelming infestation of Argas persicus was revealed in a village located adjacent to Dire Dawa. These ticks primarily were feeding on poultry, but were also biting humans. Furthermore, hard ticks were collected from livestock and companion animals in these regions.Collected ticks were assessed for Borrelia by real-time PCR followed by conventional PCR and sequencing to identify species present. A. persicus ticks were found to carry B. anserina in 3 of 40 (7.5%) A. persicus tick pools, whilst hard tick pools yielded 2 of 16 (12.5%) positive for B. theileri. Collectively, these borrelial species and their tick vectors are likely to have an important economic impact of particular relevance to subsistence farmers in Ethiopia.     

早产儿12月龄体重追赶生长现状及影响因素分析

目的了解早产儿12月龄体重追赶生长现状并分析影响因素,为探究早产儿追赶生长的科学化管理提供依据。方法 2017年5月—10月采用早产儿一般资料及喂养情况问卷对成都市5所妇幼保健医院儿童保健科行第12月龄常规儿童保健的早产儿及其照护者进行调查,以体重作为追赶生长的结局指标。结果 308例早产儿12月龄体重为6.8～14.0(9.07±1.08) kg,270例(87.7%)体重追赶生长满意,38例(12.3%)体重追赶生长未达满意标准。Logistic回归分析结果显示,早产儿低出生胎龄是其体重追赶生长的危险因素(OR=0.661),定期儿童保健(OR=4.168)与奶量摄入充足(OR=4.501)是其保护因素。结论早产儿追赶生长情况仍待加强,妇幼保健医院及儿童保健医护团队需重视早产儿追赶生长情况,开展高质量的早产儿保健工作。     

我国医疗机构开展自由体位分娩现状调查

目的调查我国医疗机构自由体位分娩技术的开展现状及分析未开展的原因,为今后开展助产相关培训及针对性干预提供参考。方法采用自行设计的助产人力资源及适宜技术应用现状调查表,对北京、上海、河北、浙江、四川等22个省、直辖市、自治区的1 213所医疗机构开展自由体位产程技术现状进行调查。结果 1 213所医疗机构中,开展自由体位分娩的医院有1 138所(93.8%),其中473所(41.6%)仅在第一产程实行自由体位,19所(1.7%)仅在在第二产程实行自由体位;在第一产程阶段,未开展自由体位分娩的原因主要是人员不够(46.8%)、空间不足(31.9%)和安全隐患(45.7%);在第二产程阶段,未开展自由体位分娩的原因主要是安全隐患(51.5%)、助产士未经过培训(53.1%)、人员不足(43.1%)。结论我国自由体位分娩的开展情况参差不齐,应在人员、空间、专业技能上对开展自由体位分娩提供支持。     

妇产科护士睡眠质量与心理健康状况调查

[目的]探讨妇产科护士睡眠质量与心理健康之间的关系。[方法]采用匹兹堡睡眠质量调查表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）对我院88名妇产科护士进行调查。[结果]88名妇产科护士中15人睡眠质量较差；对SCL-90因子分析发现，妇产科护士躯体化、强迫2个因子平均分显著高于国内常模（P〈0．05）；相关分析表明：匹兹堡睡眠质量评分与SCL-90各因子分及其总均分除睡眠药物外皆呈显著的正相关，睡眠质量差的护士9吼一90各因子平均分高于睡眠质量好的护士。[结论]妇产科护士睡眠质量与心理健康状况密切相关，应引起有关领导的关注。     

Factors contributing to motivation of volunteer community health workers in Ethiopia: the case of four woredas (districts) in Oromia and Tigray regions

Background

The use of community health workers (CHWs) has been considered as one of the strategies to address the growing shortage of health workers, predominantly in low-income countries. They are playing a pivotal role in lessening health disparities through improving health outcomes for underserved populations. Yet, little is known about what factors motivate and drive them to continue working as CHWs. In this study, we aimed to examine factors contributing to the motivation of volunteer CHWs (vCHWs) in Ethiopia currently known as one-to-five network leaders (1to5NLs) and explore variations between attributes of social and work-related determinants.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional study in four selected woredas (the second lowest administrative structure in Ethiopia, and similar to a district) of Oromia and Tigray regions and interviewed 786 1to5NLs. The effects of each motivational factor were explored using percentage of respondents who agreed and strongly agreed to each of them and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

Individual, community, and health system factors contributed to the motivation of 1to5NLs in this study. Intrinsic desire to have a good status in the community as a result of their volunteer service (81.86%) followed by a commitment to serve the community (81.61%) and to gain satisfaction by accomplishing something worthwhile to the community (81.61%) were some of the factors motivating 1to5NLs in our study. Despite these motivational items, factors such as lack of career development (51.47%), unclear health development army guideline (59.26%), limited supervision and support (62.32%), and lack of recognition and appreciation of accomplishments (63.22%) were the factors negatively affecting motivation of 1to5NLs. Lack of career development, limited supervision and support, and lack of recognition and appreciation of accomplishments were significantly varied between attributes of educational level, marital status, service year as 1to5NLs, and previous volunteer engagement (at P?< 0.05).

Conclusion

Findings of our study indicated that non-financial incentives such as the creation of career development models is the key to motivating and retaining CHWs where they are not receiving stipends. Sustainability of CHW program should consider exploring enhanced innovations to strengthen supportive supervision, development of better mechanisms to publicize the role of CHWs, and improvement of recognition and appreciation schemes for CHWs’ efforts and accomplishments.

     

Rickettsia felis in Fleas, Southern Ethiopia, 2010

TO THE EDITOR: Fleas (order Siphonaptera) are obligate hematophagous insects. They are laterally flattened, holometabolous, and wingless ectoparasites. More than 2,500 species of flea, belonging to 16 families and 238 genera, have been described. A minority of these genera live in close association with humans (synanthropic), including fleas of these species: Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Echidnophaga gallinacea, and Tunga penetrans (1). Many fleas are capable of transmitting the following pathogens to their hosts: bacteria (e.g., Rickettsia typhi, R. felis, Yersinia pestis, and many Bartonella spp.); viruses (e.g., myxoma virus); protozoa (e.g., Trypanosoma spp.); or helminths (e.g., Hymenolepis spp.) (2). Ctenocephalides spp. fleas are of special interest as main reservoirs and vectors of R. felis, because this agent causes an emerging disease, fleaborne rickettsiosis. The distribution and prevalence of this disease have not been well studied. Symptoms of this disease range from mild to moderate and include fever, cutaneous rash, and sometimes an inoculation eschar (3,4). R. felis can also infect at least 10 other species of arthropods, including P. irritans fleas, trombiculid and mesostygmata mites, hard and soft ticks, and booklice (5,6).     

疾控中心内审结果分析与改进

目的 通过分析内审发现的问题,提出改进措施,促进疾控中心实验室质量管理体系不断完善和持续改进.方法 分析2003～2009年内部审核发现的不符合项分布和分类情况,探讨不符合项产生的原因.结果 设备、文件控制和记录控制是不符合项的主要因素,实施性不符合项占绝大部分.结论 质量管理体系的运行过程是持续改进过程,加强人员培训和监督队伍建设、完善质量管理体系、充分调动人员积极性是改进的重点.