慢性乙型肝炎患者健康信念与治疗依从性的相关性分析

目的了解慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(慢性乙肝)患者的健康信念及其与治疗依从性的关系.方法采用随机分层抽样方法对300例慢性乙肝患者进行调查,内容包括患者的基本情况、健康信念和治疗依从性等.采用SPSS 11.0 统计软件对资料进行分析.结果 300例慢性乙肝患者治疗依从性总得分为35.32±6.95;9.00%患者选择从不就诊,12.67%患者从不服药,40.00%患者未定期到医院检查;治疗依从性与健康信念及其各维度的相关分析中,显示患者的健康信念与治疗依从性呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).慢性乙肝患者越能认识到治疗行为的益处及必要性,维护身体健康的动机越强,其治疗依从性越高;而认为治疗慢性乙肝有害、没有必要治疗者其依从性较差.结论慢性乙肝患者的健康信念影响着患者的治疗依从性.为减少或延缓慢性乙肝并发症的发生以及控制疾病的传播,护士应关注慢性乙肝患者的健康信念及其对治疗依从性的影响,使护理干预措施更加系统化.     

运用仿真模拟急救演习提高护士急救能力

目的探讨运用仿真模拟急救演习的方法,提高儿科急诊护士急救能力.方法对急诊室护士开展仿真模拟急救演习,即采用场景模拟、拟定急救方案、角色扮演、现场实施急救,演习结束后进行分析总结,由专家考核评分.结果经过仿真模拟急救演习,儿科急诊护士的的临床护理急救技能和综合能力较演习前显著提高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论儿科仿真模拟急救演习能全面提高儿科急诊护士的综合素质、整体协调能力和实践操作技能,同时亦提高了儿科急危重症患儿的救治率.     

Effect of hyperlipidemia on endothelial VCAM-1 expression and the protective role of fenofibrate

The effect of hyperlipidemia and inflammation on endothelial functions was studied. The enrolled included control (basic chow), hyperlipidemia and fenofibrate-treated groups (high fat diet). The hyperlipidemia model was set up by four-week atherogenic diet, followed by a 16-week treatment in the fenofibrate-treated group (fenofibrate 40 mg/kg every day) and without treatment in the hyperlipidemia group, respectively. In the 20th week, serum lipid level and NO levels were measured, and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cell adhesiveness in aortic endothelia observed by computer-aided system. Compared with the control group, hyperlipidemia rats showed lower levels of NO and increases in leukocyte accumulation on the endothelial surface, also stronger and more extensive endothelial expression of VCAM-1. In fenofibrate-treated group, the expression of VCAM-1 and leukocyte accumulation on the endothelial surface was decreased, while serum levels of NO were increased as compared with hyperlipidemia group. Hyperlipidemia can inhibit the NO activity and promote the damage of VACA-1 to aortic endothelia. Fenofibrate can effectively prevent the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by restoring NO levels and down-regulating the VCAM-1 expression. __________ Translated from Guangdong Medical Journal, 2007, 28(3): 339–341 [译自: 广东医学]     

A content analysis of health and physical activity messages marketed to African American children during after-school television programming

OBJECTIVE: To examine the number of food advertisements African American children are exposed to during children's television programming aired on predominantly African American and general television stations. DESIGN: A content analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the health-related content (HRC) and physical activity-related content (PARC) of food advertisements shown during children's television programming. SETTING: Three sets of television advertisements from 3 stations (Black Entertainment Television, The WB [Warner Bros], and Disney Channel) served as the sample during a 1-week period in July 2005 (July 11-15), from 3 pm to 9 pm. RESULTS: In total, 1098 advertisements were recorded, with 256 food and beverage commercials used for this study. Results indicate that 36.3% of all commercials were based on fast food restaurants, 31.3% were for drinks, 16.8% were for candy, 13.7% were for cereals, and 2.0% were for snacks (percentages do not total 100 because of rounding). Compared with The WB and Disney Channel, Black Entertainment Television had significantly (P=.001) more food and beverage advertisements. Few HRC or PARC advertisements were shown. Of 256 food and beverage commercials, only 8.2% contained HRC and 9.4% had PARC. Also, the HRC and PARC scenes contained messages that were implied vs explicitly talking about the health or physical benefits of the product. CONCLUSIONS: African American children are overexposed to numerous types of food and beverage advertisements. These advertisements do not provide an adequate level of positive HRC and PARC messages. Consequently, the messages that are portrayed may undermine efforts to teach African American children about the importance of healthy living and physical activity.     

妇科肿瘤病人化疗期间自我护理能力、自我护理行为与健康教育需求调查分析

[目的]了解妇科肿瘤病人化疗期间自我护理能力、自我护理行为与健康教育需求状况,为制订有效促进病人自护能力、自护行为的健康教育方式提供理论依据。[方法]采用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)、健康促进生活方式量表(HPL)、自制的健康教育需求量表对90例妇科化疗病人进行调查分析。[结果]病人的自我护理能力得分为111.28分±17.63分,自我护理行为得分为122.48分±20.08分,最希望的健康教育方式为医生或护士口头告知。[结论]妇科化疗病人自护能力及行为有待提高,妇科护理工作者可以尝试通过加强健康教育干预,提高病人的自我护理能力,促进自我护理行为。     

Borrelia in Ethiopian ticks

Two regions (Jimma and Dire Dawa) in Ethiopia were investigated for the presence of soft ticks. Although no Ornithodoros spp. ticks were collected during this survey, published records of their existence in Ethiopia were found. An overwhelming infestation of Argas persicus was revealed in a village located adjacent to Dire Dawa. These ticks primarily were feeding on poultry, but were also biting humans. Furthermore, hard ticks were collected from livestock and companion animals in these regions.Collected ticks were assessed for Borrelia by real-time PCR followed by conventional PCR and sequencing to identify species present. A. persicus ticks were found to carry B. anserina in 3 of 40 (7.5%) A. persicus tick pools, whilst hard tick pools yielded 2 of 16 (12.5%) positive for B. theileri. Collectively, these borrelial species and their tick vectors are likely to have an important economic impact of particular relevance to subsistence farmers in Ethiopia.     

感觉神经损伤性盐敏感性高血压大鼠新模型的建立及其细胞内游离钙的变化

目的　建立一种新的感觉神经损伤性盐敏感性高血压大鼠模型 ,并探讨该模型细胞内游离钙 ([Ca2 + ]i)的变化。方法　新生Wistar大鼠皮下注射辣椒辣素 (5 0mg/kg) ,对照组则皮下注射对照液 ,哺乳期后挑选出雄性大鼠分成 4组分别给予含盐不同的饮食 4周 ,检测鼠尾收缩压、体重、淋巴细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 和 2 4h尿量、饮水量、尿钠、尿钾。结果　辣椒辣素处理的新生大鼠在高盐饮食时鼠尾收缩压、淋巴细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 明显增高 ,肾排钠和水功能降低。结论　新生大鼠辣椒辣素敏感性感觉神经损伤可使大鼠在盐负荷时血压显著而持久地升高、细胞 [Ca2 + ]i 明显升高及肾排钠和水功能受损。     

我国医疗机构开展自由体位分娩现状调查

目的调查我国医疗机构自由体位分娩技术的开展现状及分析未开展的原因,为今后开展助产相关培训及针对性干预提供参考。方法采用自行设计的助产人力资源及适宜技术应用现状调查表,对北京、上海、河北、浙江、四川等22个省、直辖市、自治区的1 213所医疗机构开展自由体位产程技术现状进行调查。结果 1 213所医疗机构中,开展自由体位分娩的医院有1 138所(93.8%),其中473所(41.6%)仅在第一产程实行自由体位,19所(1.7%)仅在在第二产程实行自由体位;在第一产程阶段,未开展自由体位分娩的原因主要是人员不够(46.8%)、空间不足(31.9%)和安全隐患(45.7%);在第二产程阶段,未开展自由体位分娩的原因主要是安全隐患(51.5%)、助产士未经过培训(53.1%)、人员不足(43.1%)。结论我国自由体位分娩的开展情况参差不齐,应在人员、空间、专业技能上对开展自由体位分娩提供支持。