护士长胰岛素规范化注射知识与医院管理状况调查

目的 了解护士长胰岛素规范化注射相关知识与医院管理状况，并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层抽样法，选取湖北省25所医院的796名护士长作为研究对象，使用一般资料调查表、胰岛素注射知识问卷、胰岛素院内同质化管理问卷进行调查。结果护士长知识得分为（14.10±3.26）分，院内同质化管理问卷得分为（11.48±2.81）分，科室和学历是胰岛素注射知识得分情况的主要影响因素（均P<0.05），医院级别及知识得分是院内胰岛素同质化管理得分的主要影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论临床护士长对胰岛素注射知识了解情况较差，胰岛素院内同质化管理水平处于中等水平，需要进一步增加培训，加大全院胰岛素注射规范化管理的力度。     

α-Mangostin protects lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nucleus pulposus cells against NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated apoptosis via the NF-κB pathway

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and chronic inflammatory disorder. α-Mangostin exhibits a novel biological function against inflammation in various inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the role of α-mangostin in IDD using an in vitro cell model. Human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory injury. Cell viability of NPCs was determined by CCK-8 assay. ELISA was performed to examine the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Apoptotic cell death in NPCs was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of apoptotic-associated proteins were detected by western blotting. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation was examined by determining the expression levels of p-p65, p65, and nuclear p65. Results showed that treatment with α-mangostin improved the viability of LPS-treated NPCs. α-Mangostin treatment also inhibited the LPS-induced increase in expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1, as well as the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in NPCs. Moreover, treatment with α-mangostin or NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) significantly decreased apoptotic cell death in NPCs, as compared with treatment with LPS. In addition, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were decreased, while Bcl-2 expression was increased in α-mangostin- or MCC950-treated NPCs. Treatment with α-mangostin also suppressed LPS-induced increase of p-p65/p65 and nuclear p65 levels. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB by PDTC aggravated the inhibitory effects of α-mangostin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in LPS-induced NPCs. These findings suggested that α-mangostin exerted a protective effect on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated apoptosis in LPS-induced NPCs through regulating NF-κB signaling.     

便携式录播系统在精品视频公开课建设中的应用研究

根据教育部制定的"视频公开课拍摄制作技术标准",结合第二军医大学精品视频公开课建设经验,设计并摸索了一套基于网络的视频公开课拍摄制作方案,实践说明具有较好效益,受到师生欢迎。     

A Review of Quantitative Risk–Benefit Methodologies for Assessing Drug Safety and Efficacy—Report of the ISPOR Risk–Benefit Management Working Group

ObjectiveAlthough regulatory authorities evaluate the risks and benefits of any new drug therapy during the new drug-approval process, quantitative risk–benefit assessment (RBA) is not typically performed, nor is it presented in a consistent and integrated framework when it is used. Our purpose is to identify and describe published quantitative RBA methods for pharmaceuticals.MethodsUsing MEDLINE and other Internet-based search engines, a systematic literature review was performed to identify quantitative methodologies for RBA. These distinct RBA approaches were summarized to highlight the implications of their differences for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies.ResultsTheoretical models, parameters, and key features were reviewed and compared for the 12 quantitative RBA methods identified in the literature, including the Quantitative Framework for Risk and Benefit Assessment, benefit-less-risk analysis, the quality-adjusted time without symptoms and toxicity, number needed to treat (NNT), and number needed to harm and their relative-value-adjusted versions, minimum clinical efficacy, incremental net health benefit, the risk–benefit plane (RBP), the probabilistic simulation method, multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), the risk–benefit contour (RBC), and the stated preference method (SPM). Whereas some approaches (e.g., NNT) rely on subjective weighting schemes or nonstatistical assessments, other methods (e.g., RBP, MCDA, RBC, and SPM) assess joint distributions of benefit and risk.ConclusionsSeveral quantitative RBA methods are available that could be used to help lessen concern over subjective drug assessments and to help guide authorities toward more objective and transparent decision-making. When evaluating a new drug therapy, we recommend the use of multiple RBA approaches across different therapeutic indications and treatment populations in order to bound the risk–benefit profile.     

Are acupoints specific for diseases? A systematic review of the randomized controlled trials with sham acupuncture controls

Background  

The results of many clinical trials and experimental studies regarding acupoint specificity are contradictory. This review aims to investigate whether a difference in efficacy exists between ordinary acupuncture on specific acupoints and sham acupuncture controls on non-acupoints or on irrelevant acupoints.