Adolescent Intimate Heterosexual Relationships: Measurement Issues

During adolescence, individuals develop increased ability to have emotionally and physically intimate relationships. The type of intimate relationship will make a difference as to whether the adolescent engages in protective behaviors or avoids risky behaviors. However, in reviewing the literature on the association of relationship type and sexual risk and protective behaviors, four methodological challenges were noted. These challenges limit our understanding of the impact of relationship type. These four challenges are: (a) inconsistent definitional frameworks; (b) lack of adolescent voices; (c) lack of consideration of gender; and (d) poor differentiation between individual and relationship risk. These issues direct the course of future work in this area and are necessary to advance the field of adolescent sexual health, particularly with regard to the development and testing of appropriate interventions designed to reduce untoward outcomes of adolescent sexuality.     

Pediatric Central Venous Catheter Management: A Review of Current Practice

Due to small vessel size, obtaining stable access in pediatric patients is difficult. In addition, because needle stick pain is a concern for patients with chronic illness, central venous catheters are often utilized to provide intravenous treatment. Catheter occlusion is a common complication in pediatric patients and must be addressed to salvage the catheter and ensure successful therapy. The use of fibrinolytics for occlusion treatment have been successful in pediatric populations.