新辅助化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床评价

目的　评价新辅助化疗 (术前诱导化疗 )在治疗ⅢA 期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)中的应用价值。方法　将 10 2例Ⅲ A 期NSCLC患者随机分为 2个组 :新辅助化疗组 5 1例 ,诱导化疗后行手术治疗 ,其中 3 0例术前接受支气管动脉灌注 (BAI)化疗 ,2 1例术前接受全身化疗。单一手术组 5 1例 ,确诊后直接行手术治疗。结果　新辅助化疗组总有效率 (CR PR )为 49.0 % (2 5 / 5 1) ,化疗不良反应患者可耐受。新辅助化疗组手术切除率和完全性切除率为 92 .2 %和 5 4.9% ,明显高于单一手术组 (72 .5 %和 3 5 .3 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。新辅助化疗组患者 (3 4例 )平均中位生存期为 2 5个月 ,2年生存率为 5 5 .9% (19/ 3 4)。单一手术组患者 (3 2例 )平均中位生存期为 13个月 ,2年生存率为 2 8.1% (9/ 3 2 )。 2组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　对ⅢA 期NSCLC患者进行新辅助化疗可提高手术切除率 ,延长患者中位生存期 ,提高患者 2年生存率。     

Late sequelae of calcaneal fractures

Late problems following calcaneal fractures are a dilemma for both patients and physicians. Reconstructive procedures are of great use, however, it should be timed accordingly to improve the patient's symptoms. The key to successful reconstructive procedures is an understanding of the postfracture pathology and determination of all possible sources of pain and disability. Determination to specific areas is essential so that the correct procedures can be performed. When dealing with patients for reconstructive procedures of postfracture pathology there should be no guarantees given as to the success of salvage. Quite frequently multiple procedures may be necessary to achieve only satisfactory results.     

Infants born to narcotic dependent mothers: Physical growth patterns in the first 12 months of life

Objectives: To describe the physical growth patterns of infants born to narcotic dependent mothers (INDM) over a 12 months period and, if possible, to relate the growth to drug taking patterns during pregnancy.
Methodology: The growth of a cohort of 43 INDM was measured during the first 12 months of life. Weight and length measurements were compared with percentile charts and converted to Z scores. Questionnaire data about drug taking practices, demographic variables and the neonatal period (including withdrawal scores) were obtained.
Results: Twenty-four (55.8%) of INDM had evidence of neonatal drug withdrawal requiring treatment with phenobarbitone. At birth, Z scores for weight and length indicated relative intrauterine growth retardation. By 12 months, there had been some catch up growth, but Z scores for weight and length were still below zero. Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy.
Conclusions: The growth patterns of INDM in the first 12 months of life indicated that at birth there was evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, but by 12 months the growth was little different from the rest of the community. There appears to be some influence of narcotic agents taken while pregnant on subsequent growth of INDM.     

Randomized study of brachytherapy in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytoma

Purpose: A randomized study was undertaken to assess the role of brachytherapy as a boost to external beam radiation therapy in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytomas.

Methods and Materials: Inclusion criteria included the following: biopsy-proven supratentorial malignant astrocytoma of brain ≤6 cm in size, not crossing midline or involving corpus callosum, age 18–70, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥70. Patients were randomized to external radiation therapy only delivering 50 Gray (Gy) in 25 fractions over 5 weeks or external radiation therapy plus a temporary stereotactic iodine-125 implants delivering a minimum peripheral tumor dose of 60 Gy. Patients were stratified to age ≤50 or >50, and KPS ≥90 or ≤80.

Results: There were 140 patients randomized between 1986 and 1996, 71 to the implant arm and 69 to external irradiation only. Pathologically 125 patients had necrosis noted in their tumor specimen. Factors associated with improved survival in univariate analysis were age ≤50, KPS ≥90, chemotherapy at recurrence, and reoperation at the original tumor site. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed the following significant factors: treatment at recurrence (chemotherapy or reoperation) with a relative risk (RR) of 0.6 (p = 0.004) and KPS ≥90 with a RR 0.6 (p = 0.007). Randomization to the implant arm was associated with a RR of 0.7 (p = 0.07). Median survival for patients randomized to brachytherapy or not were 13.8 vs. 13.2 months, respectively, p = 0.49.

Conclusions: We conclude that stereotactic radiation implants have not demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in survival in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytoma.     

Iatrogenic seeding of anaplastic astrocytoma following stereotactic biopsy

We present a case of probable tumor seeding along the needle tract following computer tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of an anaplastic astrocytoma in a 23 year old male. Six months after the initial biopsy and 3 months following a second stereotactic procedure for cyst aspiration, a second lesion appeared directly along the biopsy trajectory at a distance from the primary tumor. This lesion is presumed to be recurrent tumor and appears to have been spread iatrogenically following the biopsy of the initial tumor and the subsequent cyst aspiration along the same tract.     

大剂量他莫昔芬逆转晚期结肠癌多药耐药性的临床研究

目的:研究大剂量他莫昔芬(tamoxifen,TAM)逆转晚期结肠癌经氟尿嘧啶草酸铂化疗方案产生的耐药性的作用。方法:挑选外周血淋巴细胞Pgp表达阳性并接受多次化疗的晚期结肠癌患者59例,随机分成两组。A组(31例)应用大剂量TAM(100mg,2次/d,5d)逆转耐药治疗后,行氟尿嘧啶+草酸铂方案化疗;B组(28例)仅完成上述化疗。结果:A组有效率为25.8%(8/31),均为PR,无CR,生存时间9～82周,中位生存期为10.31个月,1年生存率为32.3%(10/31);B组有效率为0(0/28),生存时间7～63周,中位生存期为5.67个月,1年生存率为10.7%(3/28)。A组Pgp转阴率为32.3%(10/31),B组为0(0/28)。A组的总有效率及Pgp转阴率与B组间差异有统计学意义,P1=0.0067,P2=0.0043。两组的毒副反应均较轻,两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:大剂量TAM对Pgp阳性的结肠癌多药耐药性有一定的逆转作用,临床应用可提高这部分患者的化疗敏感性。     

下咽癌淋巴引流的活体显像研究

目的：探讨下咽癌颈淋巴结转移时肿瘤区域引流淋巴结的活体显像方法，从肿瘤活体淋巴引流的角度观察下咽癌前哨淋巴结和颈淋巴结转移的方式，为颈淋巴结清扫术提供指导信息。方法：在表面麻醉和喉内镜引导下，用特制的注射针将^99mTc标记的人球蛋白注入20例下咽癌的肿瘤部位，在注射后不同时间采用SPECT扫描观察放射性核素通过淋巴扩散的过程及其在引流淋巴结内的浓集，以明确前哨淋巴结的位置和肿瘤颈淋巴结引流过程。同时对颈淋巴清扫标本进行病理检查。结果：20例肿瘤引流淋巴结均获得满意活体显像，显像的淋巴结最大3．5cm，最小1．0cm；12例梨状窝癌的颈部引流淋巴结位于肿瘤侧，其余8例中线结构的肿瘤颈部引流淋巴结均具有明显的优势偏向，即单侧颈部引流现象，没有出现双侧对称引流的病例。20例肿瘤引流淋巴结主要分布在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区，未发现Ⅰ区和Ⅴ区显像的淋巴结。术后病理证实20例中有16例发现病理阳性淋巴结，且均位于引流优势侧，未出现对侧和双侧颈淋巴结转移的病例。结论：无论是中线结构或偏中线结构的下咽部癌肿，其向颈部的淋巴引流具有明显的优势偏向特点，术前进行引流淋巴结的活体显像对预测肿瘤转移部位和有目的地进行择区性颈淋巴结清扫术具有重要意义。     

Evaluating the source and content of orthopaedic information on the Internet. The case of carpal tunnel syndrome

BACKGROUND: The Internet has become a popular source of medical information for patients. Authors of health-related web pages are not required to adhere to any standard for medical content or accuracy. The goal of the present study was to assess the type, quality, and reliability of information about carpal tunnel syndrome that is available on the Internet. METHODS: The search phrase "carpal tunnel syndrome" was entered into five commonly used World Wide Web search engines. The search results then were given as an ordered list of universal resource locators, or web-site addresses. The top (first) fifty web sites from each of the five searches were combined to create a master roster of 250 web-site addresses. These web sites then were evaluated for authorship and content, and an informational value score ranging from 0 to 100 points was assigned to each. RESULTS: Thirty-three percent of the sites sold commercial products for the evaluation or treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. An additional 30 percent were commercial web sites that did not sell products. Only 23 percent of the sites were authored by a physician or an academic organization. Fewer than half of the sites offered conventional information. Twenty-three percent of the sites offered unconventional or misleading information. The mean informational value of the web sites was 28.4 of a possible 100 points. CONCLUSIONS: The information about carpal tunnel syndrome on the Internet is of limited quality and poor informational value. The public and the medical communities need to be aware of these limitations so that the quality of medical information available on the World Wide Web can be improved.     

硬膜外阻滞麻醉分娩镇痛配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护的临床分析

目的:观察硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉分娩镇痛配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护的临床效果及对产科质量的影响。方法:将低浓度罗哌卡因和小剂量含芬太尼的混合液注入硬膜外腔。配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护,用于76例没有产科并发症及麻醉禁忌症进入活跃期的初产妇作为观察组,将单纯采用Doula式分娩的89例相同条件的初产妇作为对照组,比较两组的镇痛效果及其对产科质量的影响。结果:两组镇痛效果有极显著性差异(P<0.01),催产素使用有显著性差异(P<0.05),产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、胎儿窘迫、胎心监护异常发生率及新生儿窒息发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉用于分娩镇痛,效果可靠,对母婴无不良影响,配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护,安全有效。