Persistence of Acephate and Cypermethrin on Cotton Leaves,Cottonseed, Lint and Soil

Following foliar applications of combination formulation (cypermethrin 5% + acephate 45% DF) at 850 and 1,700 g ha(-1), resulting in active application of acephate at 382.5 and 765 g a.i. ha(-1) whereas active application of cypermethrin at 42.5 and 85 g a.i. ha(-1), the average initial deposits of acephate on cotton leaves were found to be 13.45 and 27.73 mg kg(-1), at single and double the doses of application, respectively. Residues of acephate declined below detectable level of 0.02 mg kg(-1) after 15 days of applications at application rates with t ((1/2)) values of 1.56 and 0.68 days, respectively. Similarly, the average initial deposits of cypermethrin were found to be 22.31 and 32.45 mg kg(-1), respectively. Cypermethrin residues reached below its detectable level of 0.02 mg kg(-1) after 21 days of its application at both the dosages of application. The half-life values for cypermethrin were observed to be 0.71 and 0.69 days, corresponding to single and double the dose of application, respectively. Interestingly, none of the samples of cottonseed, lint and soil showed presence of acephate or cypermethrin at the detection limit of 0.02 mg kg(-1) at first pick of the harvest time of the crop.     

Dissipation Kinetics of Propargite in Brinjal Fruits Under Subtropical Conditions of Punjab,India

Residues of propargite were estimated in brinjal fruits by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) following single application of Omite 57 EC @ 570 and 1140 g a.i./ha. The average initial deposits of propargite were observed to be 0.51 and 0.92 mg/kg, respectively, which were below its maximum residue limit (MRL) of 2 mg/kg. The residue levels of propargite dissipated below limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 mg/kg after 10 days at both the dosages. The half-life values (T_1/2) of propargite were worked out to be 3.07 and 3.54 days, respectively, at recommended and double the recommended dosages. A waiting period of one day has been suggested for the safe consumption of brinjal fruits to avoid any health hazards.     

Persistence of Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole on Grape Leaves, Grape Berries and Soil

Following four foliar applications of Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%) on grapes @ 175 and 350 g/ha, resulting in active applications of trifloxystrobin @ 43.75 and 87.5 g a.i./ha and that of tebuconazole @ 87.5 and 175 g a.i./ha, the average initial deposits of trifloxystrobin were observed to be 7.76 and 15.53 mg/kg, respectively, at single and double the application rates. These residue levels dissipated to >85% after 10 days of its application at both the dosages. Similarly, the average initial deposits of tebuconazole were observed to be 13.84 and 26.55 mg/kg at single and double the application rate, respectively. These residue levels dissipated to >90% after 10 days of application at both the dosages. The half-life (t _1/2) periods of trifloxystrobin on grape leaves were observed to be 2.92 and 3.48 days at single and double application rates, respectively, whereas these values were 2.68 and 3.96 days for tebuconazole. Ripe grape berries and soil samples collected at harvest which happened to be 34 days after the last application, did not show the presence of residues of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole at their determination limit of 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively.     

神经肽DGAVP和Org2766对神经细胞内游离Ca~(2+)的影响

运用Ca~(2+)指示剂Fura-2作为细胞内钙离子的荧光探针,利用AR—CM—MIC阳离子测定系统,检测了分离的神经细胞内游离钙及其变化,并观测了DGAVP和Org2766对蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素(ANI)引起细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca~(2+)]_i)变化的影响。结果表明茴香霉素可使[Ca~(2+)]_i显著升高,且有量效关系;DGAVP本身并不引起[Ca~(2+)]_i发生显著变化,但适当剂量的DGAVP可显著对抗一定剂量范围内ANI升高[Ca~(2+)]_i的作用,提示DGAVP对抗ANI的蛋白质合成抑制效应可能是通过拮抗ANI升高[Ca~(2+)]_i这一途径实现的,另一神经肽Org2766则可能不是通过这一机制发生作用。从细胞内Ca~(2+)的角度看,这两种肽的作用机理显然是不同的。     

五味子酚对氧自由基损伤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的保护作用

研究了五味子酚(Sal)对氧自由基损伤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的影响。体外实验结果表明,Sal在5×10^-6mol·L^-1时对Fe²⁺-VitC引起的脾淋巴细胞GSH含量降低有明显的抑制作用,且能阻抑Fe²⁺-Cys引起的MDA生成增加,改善细胞膜的流动性。用扫描电镜观察到Sal在5×10^-4mol·L^-1时可逆转Fe²⁺-VitC引起的脾淋巴细胞表面微绒毛皱折减少、细胞变形等病理改变。体内高氧分压应激损伤小鼠实验表明,igSal20mg·kg^-1×8d可逆转脾淋巴细胞SOD活性代偿性增高,并提高脾淋巴细胞内GSH含量。以上结果提示Sal对氧自由基损伤脾淋巴细胞有保护作用。     

Endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. A profile

PURPOSE: To report the clinical and microbiological profile of endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. METHODS: A retrospective study of case series of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus endophthalmitis. Outcome measures included ability to sterilise the eye, anatomical result (clear media and attached retina) and visual recovery (visual acuity > 6/60). RESULTS: Of the 20 cases studied, 10 were cases of postoperative endophthalmitis, 3 were posttraumatic, 6 were endogenous and one was bleb-related endophthalmitis. Specific features of interest observed were relative chronicity of presentation and absence of any obvious predisposing factor in endogenous endophthalmitis cases. All cases could be sterilised except one, which needed evisceration. Cases with postoperative endophthalmitis had better anatomical outcome (7/10 with attached retina and clear media) and visual outcome (4/10 regained vision > 6/18). Higher smear positivity was seen in vitreous samples (72.2%) compared to aqueous samples (37.5%). Culture positivity was higher from the vitreous cavity compared to aqueous. The organism was sensitive to ciprofloxacin in a high percentage (88.9%) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Visual recovery in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus endophthalmitis is modest. Ciprofloxacin is the antibiotic of choice.