生活质量调查表在睡眠呼吸障碍儿童评价中的作用

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸障碍疾病特异性生活质量调查表(OSD-6)在儿童睡眠呼吸紊乱评价中的作用。方法前瞻性对照临床研究,61例OSD-6调查评分提示为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的儿童,平均年龄(6.4±0.61)岁,女28例,男33例。其中多导睡眠监测(PSG)阳性32例均经腺样体和扁桃体切除术(AT)治疗,PSG阴性儿童29例随机分别经AT治疗(n=15)或非手术治疗(n=14)。1～3个月后以同样的方式进行评价。结果平均随访时间为(2.8±1.3)个月。PSG阴性AT组儿童术后OSD-6调查总评分平均下降49(极值32～61)分,与非手术组儿童的平均变化总分8(极值-9～21)分比较差异有统计学意义。PSG阴性AT组中的86.7%儿童术后提示为临床无症状者(OSD-6调查总评分20分),而非手术组为14.2%两者比较差异有统计学意义。所有经手术治疗的儿童,术后身体症状的评分和睡眠障碍的评分明显下降。结论OSD-6调查评分提示为OSA但PSG为阴性的患儿,在AT治疗后生活质量评分可以明显改善。该调查表能够反映出SDB儿童手术治疗的疗效,可以作为睡眠呼吸障碍(SDB)儿童的临床评价和疗效观察的工具。     

TLR9 bone marrow chimeric mice define a role for cerebral TNF in neuroprotection induced by CpG preconditioning

Systemic preconditioning with the TLR9 ligand CpG induces neuroprotection against brain ischemic injury through a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent mechanism. It is unclear how systemic administration of CpG engages the brain to induce the protective phenotype. To address this, we created TLR9-deficient reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice lacking TLR9 on either hematopoietic cells or radiation-resistant cells of nonhematopoietic origin. We report that wild-type mice reconstituted with TLR9-deficient hematopoietic cells failed to show neuroprotection after systemic CpG preconditioning. Further, while hematopoietic expression of TLR9 is required for CpG-induced neuroprotection it is not sufficient to restore protection to TLR9-deficient mice that are reconstituted with hematopoietic cells bearing TLR9. To determine whether the absence of protection was associated with TNF, we examined TNF levels in the systemic circulation and the brain. We found that although TNF is required for CpG preconditioning, systemic TNF levels did not correlate with the protective phenotype. However, induction of cerebral TNF mRNA required expression of TLR9 on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and correlated with neuroprotection. In accordance with these results, we show the therapeutic potential of intranasal CpG preconditioning, which induces brain TNF mRNA and robust neuroprotection with no concomitant increase in systemic levels of TNF.     

Morphological and Morphometrical Description of Trichostrongylus Species Isolated from Domestic Ruminants in Khuzestan Province,Southwest Iran

Backgrounds

Genus Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) is one of the most important zoonotic nematodes with wide geographic distribution in the world. The purpose of the present study was to describe morphological and morphometrical characteristics of male Trichostrongylus species, currently prevalent in domestic ruminants of Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran.

Methods

Gastro-intestinal organs of 1600 sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalos, slaughtered in Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, were examined for infectivity with Trichostrongylus species. For examination and measurements of helminthes, Azo-carmine staining was performed, followed by camera lucida drawings of morphological characters and measurements of morphometrical criteria with a calibrated microscope. Using valid nematodes systematic keys, almost all the parasites were identified at the level of species.

Results

Overall, 114 animals were found infected with at least one species of Trichostrongylus. Considering morphological characteristics of male Trichostrongylus, six species were identified including T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, T. probolorus, T. capricola, T. longispicularis and Trichostrongylus sp.

Conclusion

Although, compared to the previous decades, currently Trichostrongylus is much less prevalent in the domestic ruminants of the study area, but still different species occur in these animals.     

新疆3个地区葡萄树伤流液抗氧化能力的比较研究

目的比较研究新疆3个地区葡萄树伤流液的抗氧化能力。方法采用统计分析方法研究新疆葡萄树伤流液对·OH,O_2~,DPPH·,NO_2~和ABTS·这5种自由基的清除率。结果单因素方差分析结果显示,喀什木纳格、吐鲁番无核白以及和田沙依巴克乡红葡萄的葡萄树伤流液对5种自由基的清除能力间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多重比较显示,对·OH的清除能力和其他4种自由基的清除能力之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3个地区葡萄树伤流液对5种自由基的清除能力之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3个地区的葡萄树伤流液都有很强的抗氧化活性,差异无统计学意义。各产地葡萄树伤流液对·OH自由基的清除能力比其他自由基强,并存在明显差异。