硫酰氟熏蒸4种媒介致死顺序与影响因素研究

目的研究硫酰氟对蚊、家蝇、蜚蠊和鼠熏蒸绝对致死顺序及温度、湿度等因素对熏蒸致死效果的影响,以指导实际应用。方法蚊、家蝇和蜚蠊每个浓度梯度选用50只供试成虫,小鼠、sD大鼠每个浓度梯度选用10只,熏蒸24h,进行连续观察,实时记录其死亡情况。固定硫酰氟的用量和熏蒸时间,调节环境温度、湿度,观察媒介的死亡情况。在相同的实验条件下,观察蚊、蜚蠊不同种致死量的差异。结果硫酰氟熏蒸蚊、家蝇、蜚蠊和鼠24h绝对致死顺序为：蚊（1．099g／m^3）〈家蝇（1．520g／m^3）〈蜚蠊（3．817g／m^3）〈小鼠（3．874g／m^3）〈大鼠（5．122g／m^3）。温度、湿度影响硫酰氟对4种媒介的熏蒸致死率。硫酰氟熏不同蚊种和不同蜚蠊种间致死量无明显差异。结论本研究结果对指导口岸处理集装箱个案化用药具有参考作用。     

Are Metabolically Normal but Obese Individuals at Lower Risk for All-Cause Mortality?

OBJECTIVE

The clinical relevance of the metabolically normal but obese phenotype for mortality risk is unclear. This study examines the risk for all-cause mortality in metabolically normal and abnormal obese (MNOB and MAOB, respectively) individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The sample included 6,011 men and women from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) with public-access mortality data linkage (follow-up = 8.7 ± 0.2 years; 292 deaths). Metabolically abnormal was defined as insulin resistance (IR) or two or more metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) criteria (excluding waist).

RESULTS

A total of 30% of obese subjects had IR, and 38.4% had two or more MetSyn factors, whereas only 6.0% (or 1.6% of the whole population) were free from both IR and all MetSyn factors. By MetSyn factors or IR alone, MNOB subjects (hazard ratio [HR]_MetSyn 2.80 [1.18–6.65]; HR_IR 2.58 [1.00–6.65]) and MAOB subjects (HR_MetSyn 2.74 [1.46–5.15]; HR_IR 3.09 [1.55–6.15]) had similar elevations in mortality risk compared with metabolically normal, normal weight subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

Although a rare phenotype, obesity, even in the absence of overt metabolic aberrations, is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk.Recent interest has focused on a unique subgroup of obese individuals who are “metabolically normal” (MNOB) despite increased adiposity (1–4). The interpretation of some of these studies is that MNOB subjects are not at increased risk for morbidity and mortality and that obesity treatment is therefore unnecessary. This is in clear contrast with the current U.S. obesity treatment guidelines that suggest that obese individuals should be treated for their obesity, regardless of their cardiovascular (CVD) risk status (5).The purpose of this study is to examine all-cause mortality risk in “metabolically normal obese” and “metabolically abnormal obese” (MAOB) phenotypes.     

拉萨市140例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例分析

目的:通过分析西藏自治区拉萨市140例甲型H1N1流感病例的诊治情况,总结防治措施,积累高原地区甲流患者的临床救治经验.方法:对2009年9月9日至12月20日西藏自治区人民医院收治的140例甲型H1N1流感病例进行回顾性分析.结果:所有病例都为本土病例.疫情的流行出现2个高峰,男78例,女62例,男女之比为1.26:1;年龄5个月～71岁,以20～29岁组最为多见,共有44例,占31.4%;职业分布以学生居多,占25%(56/140);民族分布中,汉族60例,藏族78例,回族2例;有症状的占总病例的94%(132/140),症状最多的是发热98.48%(130/132)、全身肌肉疼痛51.5%(68/132)、流涕36.36%(48/132)、咽痛30.3%(40/132)、头痛18.2%(24/132)、咳嗽16.66%(22/132)、乏力12.1%(16/132);有基础疾病的5例,其中高原红细胞增多症3例、高血压2例、过敏性鼻炎2例;9例甲型H1N1流感病例的发生有学校聚集现象:治疗上没有1例经抗病毒药物奥司他韦治疗.结论:在西藏地区人群对甲型H1N1流感普遍易感,以青壮年多见:根据流行病史、临床表现和实验室结果可作出甲型H1N1流感的明确诊断,采取切合实际的隔离治疗传染源、切断传播途径的措施能有效防控甲型H1N1流感的流行.轻症的甲型H1N1流感患者不需积极应用奥司他韦治疗,应用普通的抗病毒药物(抗病毒冲剂、利巴韦林)有效.     

药用矿物蒙脱石的X-射线定向衍射分析

目的：揭示蒙脱石层状晶体结构及层间吸附和膨胀性能,为其作为药物和药剂辅料提供科学依据。方法：将样品提纯,获得粒径小于1μm的胶体,制成取向样品,进行X－射线定向衍射分析。结果：得到了有关蒙脱石层间域在不同条件下的变化规律。结论：蒙脱石的层间吸附是可能的,而且定向衍射方法可以定量测定其层间距离。     

L1 knockout mice show dilated ventricles, vermis hypoplasia and impaired exploration patterns

L1 is a neural cell adhesion molecule mainly involved in axon guidance and neuronal migration during brain development. Mutations in the human L1 gene give rise to a complex clinical picture, with mental retardation, neurologic abnormalities and a variable degree of hydrocephalus. Recently, a transgenic mouse model with a targeted null mutation in the L1 gene was generated. These knockout (KO) mice show hypoplasia of the corticospinal tract. Here we have performed further studies of these KO mice including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, neuropathological analysis and behavioral testing. The ventricular system was shown to be abnormal with dilatation of the lateral ventricles and the 4th ventricle, and an altered shape of the Sylvius aqueduct. Additionally, the cerebellar vermis of the KO mice is hypoplastic. Their exploratory behavior is characterized by stereotype peripheral circling reminiscent of that of rodents with induced cerebellar lesions.      

Vascular networks of the nucleus lentiformis

Summary The nucleus lentiformis vascular networks were studied in 30 brains by injecting the vascular system with gelatinous Indian ink. The nucleus lentiformis is divided into a medial part, the globus pallidus, and a lateral part, the putamen. These two parts differ completely from one another in their embryology, structure and functions. For these reasons, each part presents a specific vascular network. The putaminal network is dense and shows many similarities with the cerebral cortex vascular network; the pallidal one is simpler and less dense. These two vascular networks are located close to each other without overlapping. Their specificity may be in relation with the histological structure, with the morphogenetic evolution or with the functional activity of both nuclei to which they provide the vascularization.

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Les réseaux vascularies du noyau lenticulaire

Résumé L'étude des réseaux vasculaires du noyau lenticulaire (NL) est réalisée sur 30 cerveaux dont le système vasculaire a été injecté à l'encre de Chine gélosée. Le NL est constitué par deux parties, le putamen (néostriatum) et le globus pallidus (paléo-striatum), totalement différentes sur les plans morphologique, embryologique et fonctionnel. Chacune de ces parties possède un réseau vasculaire spécifique et caractéristique. Les deux réseaux se côtoient sans se chevaucher. Le réseau vasculaire putaminal est dense et présente de nombreuses similitudes avec le réseau vasculaire du cortex cérébral. Le réseau vasculaire pallidal se caractérise par sa simplicité et sa moindre densité. Leur spécificité peut être en rapport avec la structure histologique, l'évolution morphogénétique et avec l'activité fonctionnelle des noyaux dont ils assurent l'irrigation.

     

胃食管反流病与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)间的关系。方法选取解放军第三五九医院2009年3月至2012年5月收治的OSAHS患者163例,根据研究对象是否存在GERD分为伴有GERD组和无GERD组,分析两组间体质量指数(BMI)、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)和GERD症状评分;根据研究对象OSAHS的严重程度分为三组:轻度组、中度组和重度组,对组间GERD症状评分、睡眠分期及动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)进行分析。结果 OSAHS患者中GERD发生率为59.5%,伴有GERD患者的GERD症状积分、AHI和BMI均高于无GERD者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。重度组OSAHS患者GERD症状积分显著高于轻度和中度组,缺氧程度也重于轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 OSAHS与GERD关系密切,但它们的关系是因果还是伴随关系仍需进一步研究。     

局部进展期胃癌术后同步放化疗的疗效分析

目的:研究局部进展期胃癌根治术后同步放化疗的疗效、不良反应及生活质量.方法:将68例胃癌术后病人随机分为同步放化疗组和单纯化疗组,各34例,同步放化疗组采用卡培他滨同步放化疗,单纯化疗组行奥沙利铂+卡培他滨化疗.比较2组1、2、3年无进展生存率、总生存率、不良反应及生活质量差异.结果:同步放化疗组1、2、3年无进展生存率高于单纯化疗组(P<0.05);而1、2、3年总生存率,2级及以上胃肠道反应、血液系统毒性、外周神经毒性和1级及以上手足综合征的发生率2组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组生活质量评分差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:胃癌术后同步放化疗较单纯术后化疗提高了1、2、3 年无进展生存率,不良反应能耐受,未降低病人生活质量.     

血管生成抑制蛋白1和结肠癌转移相关蛋白-1在肺鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 检测肺鳞状细胞癌(LSCC)中血管生成抑制蛋白1(vasohibin-1)和结肠癌转移相关蛋白-1(MACC1)蛋白的表达及其相互之间的关系,并探讨它们与LSCC患者临床病理因素的关系.方法 利用免疫组织化学ElivisionTM plus方法检测160例LSCC和80例正常肺组织中vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的表达情况.结果 在LSCC组织中,vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的表达阳性率分别为59.4%和57.5%;对照组中,vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的表达阳性率分别为11.3%和8.8%,其表达差异在两组之间有统计学意义(P<0.05).vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的表达阳性率在LSCC患者肿瘤组织的不同分化程度之间、淋巴结转移与否之间以及TNM不同分期之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且vasohibin-1蛋白的表达阳性率与MACC1蛋白的表达阳性率之间呈正相关关系(P<0.001).Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明在LSCC中vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白阳性表达组患者术后总的生存时间明显低于其阴性组患者,log-rank分析其差异均有统计学意义.多因素回归分析表明vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的阳性表达及TNM分期是影响LSCC患者术后生存的独立预后因子.结论 异常表达的vasohibin-1和MACC1可能参与了LSCC的发展,并促进其浸润和转移;在LSCC患者中联合检测vasohibin-1和MACC1蛋白的表达对预测其发展和预后均有重要意义.