子宫楔形切除38例临床分析

目的:探讨保留子宫动脉上行支子宫楔形切除术治疗子宫良性病变的疗效和安全性.方法:对38例子宫良性病变需子宫切除者进行保留子宫动脉上行支的子宫楔形切除术,监测手术出血量、手术时间、术后并发症,手术前后性激素水平测定,子宫大小,月经量等.结果:术后月经量明显减少,性激素水平无改变,提示此术式对卵巢功能无影响.结论:保留子宫动脉上行支的子宫楔形切除术是治疗子宫良性病变的较好手术方法.     

Botulinum neurotoxin type A inhibits synaptic vesicle 2 expression in breast cancer cell lines

Aim: It is known that botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) improves some kinds of cancer (e.g. prostate) and that synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) is the molecular target of this neurotoxin. Besides having potential therapeutic value, this glycoprotein has recently been proposed as a molecular marker for several types of cancer. Although the mechanisms of cancer development and the improvement found with botulinum treatment are not well understood, the formation of the botulinum-SV2 complex may influence the presence and distribution of SV2 and the function of vesicles. To date, there are no reports on the possible effect of botulinum on breast cancer of unknown causes, which have a great impact on women’s health. Thus we determined the presence of SV2 in three breast cancer cell lines and the alterations found with botulinum application. Materials and methods: With and without adding 10 units of botulinum, SV2 protein expression was determined by optical densitometry in T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines and the distribution of SV2 was observed with immunochemistry (hematoxylin staining). Results: The SV2 protein was abundant in the cancer cells herein tested, and maximally so in T47D. In all three cancer cell lines botulinum diminished SV2 expression, which was found mostly in the cell periphery. Conclusion: SV2 could be a molecular marker in breast cancer. Its expression and distribution is regulated by botulinum, suggesting an interesting control mechanism for SV2 expression and a possible alternative therapy. Further studies are needed in this sense.     

糖尿病合并慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻分泌物培养结果分析

目的分析糖尿病合并慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻分泌物病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法以医院2012年1月-2014年10月收治的297例糖尿病合并慢性鼻窦炎患者为研究对象,调查分析感染病原菌种类及药敏试验结果。结果 297份标本中237份检出病原菌,阳性率为79.8%;共分离鉴定病原菌256株,其中革兰阳性菌占61.7%,主要包括表皮葡萄球菌39.8%、金黄色葡萄球菌8.2%和肺炎链球菌5.9%,革兰阴性菌占38.3%,主要包括产气肠杆菌10.9%、肺炎克雷伯菌7.4%和大肠埃希菌5.9%,革兰阳性菌对青霉素G和红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率分别为78.5%和67.1%,革兰阴性菌对头孢唑林、庆大霉素、氨苄西林、氨曲南和哌拉西林高度耐药,耐药率为77.6%~92.9%。结论糖尿病合并慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻分泌物病原菌检出率较高,且病原菌表现为耐多药特性,应加强其病原菌及耐药性监测,掌握病原菌分布及其耐药性,为临床选用抗菌药物提供依据。     

穴位注射联合西药治疗周围性面神经麻痹76例

目的：观察采用穴位注射联合西药治疗周围性面神经麻痹76例的临床疗效,并加以分析。方法：将76例患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例与对照组34例,对照组行西药治疗,治疗组行穴位注射联合西药治疗,两组疗程均为20d。结果：治疗组较对照组疗效更显著,42例患者中27例痊愈,7例显效,5例有效,总有效率92．85％。结论：采用穴位注射联合西药治疗周围性面神经麻痹的临床疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

Evolutionary evidence of the effect of rare variants on disease etiology

Gorlov IP, Gorlova OY, Frazier ML, Spitz MR, Amos CI. Evolutionary evidence of the effect of rare variants on disease etiology. The common disease/common variant hypothesis has been popular for describing the genetic architecture of common human diseases for several years. According to the originally stated hypothesis, one or a few common genetic variants with a large effect size control the risk of common diseases. A growing body of evidence, however, suggests that rare single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e. those with a minor allele frequency of less than 5%, are also an important component of the genetic architecture of common human diseases. In this study, we analyzed the relevance of rare SNPs to the risk of common diseases from an evolutionary perspective and found that rare SNPs are more likely than common SNPs to be functional and tend to have a stronger effect size than do common SNPs. This observation, and the fact that most of the SNPs in the human genome are rare, suggests that rare SNPs are a crucial element of the genetic architecture of common human diseases. We propose that the next generation of genomic studies should focus on analyzing rare SNPs. Further, targeting patients with a family history of the disease, an extreme phenotype, or early disease onset may facilitate the detection of risk‐associated rare SNPs.     

林芝地区碘缺乏病现状调查

目的掌握碘缺乏病现状，为制定防治方案提供依据。方法采用触诊和B超法检查8～10岁儿童甲状腺；检测儿童和育龄妇女尿碘；测定儿童智商；人户调查居民健康知识和食用盐；在克汀病高危地区搜索新发克汀病病例。结果共调查4县14乡，儿童甲状腺肿大率触诊法为7．8％（102／1308）．B超法为5．5％（69／1248）；尿碘中位数儿童为189．81μg／L，育龄妇女为121．25μg／L，≥100μg／L者儿童占78．2％，育龄妇女占56．5％；儿童智商值平均为78．4；居民碘盐食用率为66．3％；居民健康知识知晓率为25．3％；未发现可疑的克汀病新发病例。结论林芝地区碘缺乏病病情显著下降，防治工作取得显著成效，但仍存在碘缺乏发生的高危因素，尚须加强防治。     

超声刀在鼻内镜鼻腔血管瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨鼻内镜下超声刀应用于鼻腔血管瘤切除术的可行性及优点. 方法 10例鼻腔血管瘤患者在鼻内镜下,利用超声刀直接闭合切除血管瘤. 结果 10例均一次成功摘除血管瘤,术中出血少,术后无出血及并发症发生.均在术后2～3天治愈出院. 结论鼻内镜下超声刀切除鼻腔血管瘤,具有视野清晰、术中出血少、手术安全可靠等特点.     

山核桃叶总黄酮对小鼠抗心肌缺血及心肌细胞缺氧损伤保护作用研究

目的探究山核桃叶总黄酮对小鼠心肌缺血及心肌细胞（H9c2）缺氧损伤的保护作用及机制。方法1. 建立皮下注射盐酸异丙肾上腺素造成小鼠急性心肌缺血模型,心脏切片HE染色,并测定小鼠血清中肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量。2. 建立心肌细胞过氧化氢缺氧损伤模型,观察细胞形态,测定细胞存活率并检测细胞培养液中CK、SOD、MDA含量。结果与模型组相比,山核桃叶总黄酮高中低剂量组的心肌组织完整,炎症因子较少,血清中CK、LDH、MDA的活性显著降低,SOD活性显著升高;山核桃叶总黄酮各剂量组均能显著提高过氧化氢损伤心肌细胞的存活率,抑制LDH的释放,减少MDA的生成,提高SOD活性。结论山核桃叶总黄酮对小鼠心肌缺血及心肌细胞缺氧损伤具有保护作用。