Prolapse of the rectum associated with spontaneous rupture of the distal colon and evisceration of the small intestine through the anus in an infant

Prolapse of rectum of varying degrees is a well-known entity in children. Spontaneous rupture of the rectum along with massive ileal evisceration because of increased intraabdominal pressure is a rare complication of rectal prolapse in the adults. Rectal prolapse in children is usually a benign condition. Known complications of the rectal prolapse in children include recurrent mucosal ulceration, bleeding, and proctitis. Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with or without ileal evisceration has not been previously reported in infants.     

Surgical Management of Adult Acquired Buried Penis

Purpose of Review

Adult acquired buried penis is a morbid condition characterized by complete entrapment of the phallus as a result of morbid obesity, post-surgical cicatrix formation, or primary genital lymphedema. Hygienic voiding is not possible and urinary dribbling is frequent with accompanying inflammation, skin breakdown, and infection from the chronic moisture. The end result is penile skin fibrosis resulting in permanent functional loss. Herein, we describe the etiology of adult acquired buried penis, advances in its surgical management, and quality of life outcomes with treatment.

Recent Findings

Adult acquired buried penis is increasing in incidence as morbid obesity becomes more prevalent. Frequently comorbid conditions affect treatment including those affecting wound healing such a diabetes mellitus. Functional and cosmetic surgical outcomes are being published in greater volume in recent years leading to more refined treatment algorithms. Patient quality of life is greatly improved by definitive surgical management.

Summary

Adult acquired buried penis is a morbid condition that is increasing in incidence as obesity becomes more commonplace. Surgical management often necessitates surgical lipectomy of the suprapubic fat pad, scrotoplasty, and penile split thickness skin graft. Substantial quality of life improvements have been consistently reported after surgical treatment.

     

Chemical Degradation of Sulfosulfuron in Aqueous Suspension of Rice and Wheat Straw Ashes

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Burning of wheat and rice straw on field, after crop harvest, is a quick, cheap and an easy way for land clearing. The ashes generated after...     

Hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats.

The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii was investigated against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver damage. Pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii, single (50, 100 and 200mg/kg b.w.) and multiple doses (50 and 100mg/kg b.w. for 7 days) significantly prevented the ethanol (5g/kg b.w.) induced increases in the activities of the serum enzymes, aspartate and alanine transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in a dose dependent manner. Parallel to these changes, the root extract inhibited the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the liver by suppressing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and maintaining the levels of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. The biochemical changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked hepatoprotective effect of the root extract. The protective effect of the root extract against hepatotoxicity of alcohol was more pronounced by the multiple dose pretreatment. Hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii could be attributed to the antioxidant effect of the constituents and enhanced antioxidant defenses.     

Subcellular localization of p27 and prostate cancer recurrence: automated digital microscopy analysis of tissue microarrays

Previous investigations have linked decreased nuclear expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 with poor outcome in prostate cancer. However, these reports are inconsistent regarding the magnitude of that association and its independence from other predictors. Moreover, cytoplasmic translocation of p27 has been proposed as a negative prognostic sign. Given the cost and accuracy limitations of manual scoring, particularly of tissue microarrays, we determined if laser-based fluorescence microscopy could provide automated analysis of p27 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic locations and, thus, clarify its significance as a prognostic biomarker. We constructed tissue microarrays covering 202 recurrent cases (rising prostate-specific antigen) and 202 matched controls without recurrence. Quadruplicate tumor samples encompassed 5 slides and 1616 cancer histospots. Cases and controls matched on age, Gleason grade, stage, and hospital. We immunolabeled epithelial cytoplasm with Alexafluor 647, p27 with Alexafluor 488, and nuclei with 4c6-diamidino-2-phenylindole·2HCl. Slides were scanned on an iCys laser scanning cytometer (CompuCyte Corp, Cambridge, MA). Nuclear crowding required a stereological approach--random arrays of circles (phantoms) were layered on images and the content of each phantom was analyzed in scatter plots. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic p27 were significantly lower in cases versus controls (P = .014 and P = .004, respectively). Regression models controlling for matching variables plus prostate-specific antigen showed strong linear trends for increased risk of recurrence with lower p27 in both nucleus and cytoplasm (highest versus lowest quartile; odds ratio, 0.35; P = .006). Manual scoring identified an inverse association between p27 expression and tumor grade but no independent association with recurrence. In conclusion, we developed an automated method for subcellular scoring of p27 without the need to segment individual cells. Our method identified a strong relationship, independent of tumor grade, stage, and prostate-specific antigen, between p27 expression--regardless of subcellular location--and prostate cancer recurrence. This relationship was not observed with manual scoring.     

A prospective comparison of laparoscopic and robotic radical nephrectomy for T1-2N0M0 renal cell carcinoma

Objectives  We prospectively evaluated the safety, feasibility, and efficiency of robotic radical nephrectomy (RRN) for localized renal tumors (T1-2N0M0) and compared this with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). Materials and methods  Between October 2006 to August 2007, a prospective data analysis of 15 cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stage T1-2N0M0, undergoing RRN was done. These patients were compared with a contemporary cohort of 15 patients of RCC with clinical stage T1-2N0M0, undergoing LRN. To keep comparison robust, all cases were performed by a single surgeon. Demographic, intra-operative, post-operative outcomes, pathological characteristics and follow-up data of the two groups were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results  Patients in group A (RRN) experienced significantly (P = 0.001) long operating time than group B (LRN). However, mean estimated blood loss, intra-operative and post-operative complications, blood transfusion rate, analgesic requirement, hospital stay and convalescence were comparable in two groups (P < 0.05). There was one conversion to open surgery in group A, and none in group B. The mean follow-up was comparable in two groups (8.3 and 9.1 months, respectively, in group A and B, P = 0.09). There were no local, port-site or distal recurrences in either group. Conclusions  Robotic radical nephrectomy is a safe, feasible and effective for performing radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. Both groups (RRN and LRN) had comparable intra-operative, peri-operative, post-operative and oncological outcomes except for longer operating time with increased cost for RRN. In this comparative study, there were no outstanding benefits of RRN observed over LRN for localized RCC.     

Epileptic Spike Recognition in Electroencephalogram Using Deterministic Finite Automata

This Paper presents an automated method of Epileptic Spike detection in Electroencephalogram (EEG) using Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA). It takes pre-recorded single channel EEG data file as input and finds the occurrences of Epileptic Spikes data in it. The EEG signal was recorded at 256 Hz in two minutes separate data files using the Visual Lab-M software (ADLink Technology Inc., Taiwan). It was preprocessed for removal of baseline shift and band pass filtered using an infinite impulse response (IIR) Butterworth filter. A system, whose functionality was modeled with DFA, was designed. The system was tested with 10 EEG signal data files. The recognition rate of Epileptic Spike as on average was 95.68%. This system does not require any human intrusion. Also it does not need any short of training. The result shows that the application of DFA can be useful in detection of different characteristics present in EEG signals. This approach could be extended to a continuous data processing system. Certificate of Originality This is to certify that the article submitted for publication in ‘Journal of Medical Systems’ has not been published, nor is being considered for publication, elsewhere. All experimental procedures on rats were performed in compliance with “Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animals (CPCSEA)”, India.     

Microfluidic immunoassays as rapid saliva-based clinical diagnostics

At present, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics typically provide a binary indication of health status (e.g., home pregnancy test strip). Before anticipatory use of diagnostics for assessment of complex diseases becomes widespread, development of sophisticated bioassays capable of quantitatively measuring disease biomarkers is necessary. Successful translation of new bioassays into clinical settings demands the ability to monitor both the onset and progression of disease. Here we report on a clinical POC diagnostic that enables rapid quantitation of an oral disease biomarker in human saliva by using a monolithic disposable cartridge designed to operate in a compact analytical instrument. Our microfluidic method facilitates hands-free saliva analysis by integrating sample pretreatment (filtering, enrichment, mixing) with electrophoretic immunoassays to quickly measure analyte concentrations in minimally pretreated saliva samples. Using 20 microl of saliva, we demonstrate rapid (<10 min) measurement of the collagen-cleaving enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in saliva from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects. In addition to physiologically measurable indicators of periodontal disease, conventional measurements of salivary MMP-8 were used to validate the microfluidic assays described in this proof-of-principle study. The microchip-based POC diagnostic demonstrated is applicable to rapid, reliable measurement of proteinaceous disease biomarkers in biological fluids.     

Efficacy of Iliac Crest vs. Medpor in Orbital Floor Reconstruction

Aim  

The present study is to compare the effectiveness of iliac crest graft and medpor implant, for repairing traumatic orbital floor defects.