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41.
Femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Francesco Giron Pierluigi Cuomo Paolo Aglietti Anthony M. J. Bull Andrew A. Amis 《Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy》2006,14(3):250-256
Endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most popular orthopaedic procedures. Correct tunnel positioning is a prerequisite to success. Current surgical techniques are unable to duplicate the complex anatomy and function of the native ACL. Surgery mainly aims at restoring anteroposterior laxity. The ACL is not isometric and only a few fibers are nearly isometric over the full range of motion. However, a nearly isometric behaviour of the ACL graft is desirable. Isometry is mainly influenced by femoral attachment; thus the femoral tunnel position has a greater effect than the tibial on graft length changes. The purpose of this article is to describe the anatomy of the femoral ACL insertion and to discuss the surgical techniques used to replicate it. 相似文献
42.
43.
Efficient 12-mutation testing in the CFTR gene: a general model for complex mutation analysis 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
Shuber Anthony P.; Skoletsky Joel; Stern Robert; Handelin Barbara L. 《Human molecular genetics》1993,2(2):153-158
The identification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanceregulator (CFTR) gene has led to the identification of morethan 225 presumed disease-causing mutations at the locus. Thediagnosis of cystic fibrosis or the carrier state by directDNA analysis is hindered by this large number. A practical assaymust be able to detect enough mutations to achieve clinicallysignificant sensitivity. The use of allele-specifk oligonucleotideprobes is the most promising of the available methods. However,to date this has generally involved tedious probe-by-probe hybridizations,due to variations in the oligonucleotides' denaturation temperaturescaused by differences in their G-C base-pair content. We havedeveloped a rapid, cost-effective assay that simultaneouslydetects 12 CFTR mutations after multiplex polymerase-chain-reactionamplification of genomic DNA. The test may be readily extendedto detect additional mutations at minimal increase in the costper test or the turnaround time. We improve specificity andavoid the need for individual hybridizations by the use of tetramethylammoniumchloride to virtually eliminate the effects of G-C differences.Coupled with non-invasive sample-collection methods, this isan immediately practical assay for cystic fibrosis. More generally,it will serve as a model for the development of diagnostic testsin other genetic disorders involving complex mutation analysis. 相似文献
44.
Localised endosteal bone lysis in relation to the femoral components of cemented total hip arthroplasties 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
P P Anthony G A Gie C R Howie R S Ling 《The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume》1990,72(6):971-979
Four cases are described of localised endosteal bone lysis in the femur occurring in association with cemented femoral components that were not obviously 'loose' radiologically. In each, the area of lysis was shown at operation to be related directly to a region in which there was a local defect in the cement mantle surrounding the stem. Via the space between the stem and cement, such defects provide a route through which the contents of the joint cavity may reach the endosteal surface of the femur, subsequently leading to localised bone lysis, and later to frank loosening. 相似文献
45.
Peter R. Ellis Victoria J. Burley Anthony R. Leeds David B. Peterson† 《Journal of human nutrition and dietetics》1988,1(2):77-84
We have developed a guar wholemeal bread and tested its physiological efficacy and sensory qualities. The objective of the study was to estimate the optimum concentration of guar in bread required to reduce postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia without adversely affecting the quality of the bread. Following overnight fasts, 15 normal weight, non-diabetic subjects consumed meals of wholemeal bread alone (controls) and supplemented with guar at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% replacement of wheat flour). Blood samples for glucose and insulin analysis were taken preprandially, and at 30 and 60 min after the start of each meal. The acceptability of the wholemeal control and guar breads was assessed using a hedonic scaling method. A significantly lower blood glucose rise at 30 min was found after the 15% guar bread meal compared to the control. Plasma insulin responses at 30 and 60 min were significantly lower after the 10 and 15% guar bread meals compared to the controls. Hedonic scores indicated that the subjects found the 5 and 10% guar breads acceptable and in the case of the 5% variety the mean score was identical to the control. We suggest that a guar concentration of between 5 and 10% replacement of wheat flour (wholemeal or white) should be used for the baking of guar wholemeal bread but further work is needed to define the precise quantity of guar required. 相似文献
46.
Within a number of physiological preparations, the effects of alcohol and cocaine in combination are reported to be greater
than the effects of either drug given alone. Little has been reported, however, on the behavioral effects of the interaction.
The present study investigated this issue by assessing the effects of cocaine and alcohol (alone and in combination) on schedule-controlled
responding. Specifically, rats were trained to respond on an FR20 schedule for a water reinforcer. They were then administered
cumulative doses of cocaine or alcohol. Following this, subjects were administered ineffective doses of alcohol prior to further
dose-response assessments with cocaine and with ineffective doses of cocaine prior to further dose-response assessments with
alcohol. Cocaine and alcohol alone produced dose-related decreases in responding. Furthermore, the dose-response function
for cocaine was shifted to the left by alcohol and the dose-response function for alcohol was shifted to the left by cocaine.
An isobolographic analysis revealed that the interaction between cocaine and alcohol was additive in nature. The possible
bases for the interaction (e.g., changes in cocaine pharmacokinetics by alcohol and the formation of cocaethylene following
co-administration of cocaine and alcohol) were discussed.
Received: 22 February 1996 / Final version: 23 August 1996 相似文献
47.
Ann E. Klasner MD Sharon R. Smith MD Michael W. Thompson BS Pharm Anthony J. Scalzo MD 《Academic emergency medicine》1998,5(10):992-996
Abstract. Objectives:To describe the outcomes of a mass carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, and to calculate the CO half-life in a pediatric school-aged population.
Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed based on Regional Poison Center database information, hospital laboratory data, and medical records of the pediatric patients who sought care at one of 3 St. Louis area hospitals, after exposure to high levels of CO. Exposures occurred on January 5, 1996, after evidence of a CO leak was discovered at an area elementary school. Charts were reviewed for major demographics, symptoms reported, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels and times, and level of effect.
Results:Information about 177 (35%) of the 504 children in attendance at school that day was available. Mean age was 8.7 ± 1.8 years (range 4–12 years). Symptoms were present in 155 (88%) of the 177 children for whom data were available. Initial COHb levels were obtained for 147 (83.1%) of the 177 children. First mean COHb level was 7.0% (95% CI = 6.6–7.5%). Second COHb level was obtained for 26 children with a mean of 2.7% (95% CI = 2.2–3.2%). Calculated half-life of COHb, on 100% 02 at 1 atm, was 44.0 minutes (95% CI = 39.6–48.2 minutes).
Conclusion:Some children had symptoms at COHb levels that traditionally have been considered nontoxic. The elimination of COHb was found to be more rapid in this population of children than reported in other studies. 相似文献
Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed based on Regional Poison Center database information, hospital laboratory data, and medical records of the pediatric patients who sought care at one of 3 St. Louis area hospitals, after exposure to high levels of CO. Exposures occurred on January 5, 1996, after evidence of a CO leak was discovered at an area elementary school. Charts were reviewed for major demographics, symptoms reported, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels and times, and level of effect.
Results:Information about 177 (35%) of the 504 children in attendance at school that day was available. Mean age was 8.7 ± 1.8 years (range 4–12 years). Symptoms were present in 155 (88%) of the 177 children for whom data were available. Initial COHb levels were obtained for 147 (83.1%) of the 177 children. First mean COHb level was 7.0% (95% CI = 6.6–7.5%). Second COHb level was obtained for 26 children with a mean of 2.7% (95% CI = 2.2–3.2%). Calculated half-life of COHb, on 100% 0
Conclusion:Some children had symptoms at COHb levels that traditionally have been considered nontoxic. The elimination of COHb was found to be more rapid in this population of children than reported in other studies. 相似文献
48.
Mark Beuger md Anthony Tommasello ms Robert Schwartz md Mary Clinton pharmd 《Journal of substance abuse treatment》1998,15(6):15-593
Forty-eight consecutive applicants and 30 known clonidine-abusing methadone patients at three methadone treatment programs were surveyed regarding their use of clonidine. Two distinct patterns of clonidine use emerged. Of 22 applicants who took clonidine illicitly, 15 used it primarily to decrease opioid withdrawal, as well as for its sedating effect. Applicants mostly obtained it from physicians, used an average dose of 0.37 mg at a time, and about one third believed clonidine to be addictive. In contrast, clonidine-using patients took clonidine primarily for its psychoactive effects, including the interaction with methadone, in addition to decreasing opioid withdrawal. Patients obtained clonidine frequently on the street and from family or friends, but less from physicians. The average reported dose for patients was 0.6 mg. The vast majority of these patients felt clonidine was addictive. Our findings, when coupled with the risk inherent in clonidine overdose, suggest that further research into the identification and treatment of clonidine abuse among methadone patients is warranted. 相似文献
49.
Robert C. Flanigan Joseph H. Saiers Michael Wolf Eric H. Kraut Anthony Y. Smith Brent Blumenstein E. David Crawford 《Investigational new drugs》1994,12(2):147-149
Summary The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) studied the response rate and toxicity of merbarone (1,000 mg/m2 IV continuous infusion days 1–5, q 21 days) in patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Among 36 eligible patients, there was one partial response for a response rate of 3% (95% C.I. 0.1–15%). There were no mixed responses. There were no treatment related deaths or adverse drug reactions. Significant anemia, diarrhea, and hypercalcemia were observed. Mild to moderate degrees of malaise/fatigue/lethargy, dizziness/vertigo, hyperglycemia, creatinine increase, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, pedal edema, dyspnea, and granulocytopenia were noted. Merbarone does not have significant activity as a single agent in advanced renal cell carcinoma. 相似文献
50.