The Sinus Headache Explained

The concept of a sinus headache is problematic from neurology, allergology, and rhinology perspectives. It may be considered the final neurological diagnosis of exclusion when criteria for other craniofacial pain syndromes are not met. The International Headache Society definition implicates the presence of acute sinusitis, but this requirement is often not met in practice or with a patient’s perception of the term. Otorhinolaryngologists have a similar exasperation with this cephalgia but tend to attribute idiopathic, nonallergic rhinopathy as the cause. Allergists often see patients who claim to have a sinus headache but instead have perennial allergic rhinitis or nonallergic rhinitis. A fresh perspective is required to determine the characteristics, differential diagnosis, and veracity of the sinus headache. We recommend using the term with caution only if the clinical picture meets the criteria for acute sinusitis–induced headache.     

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for mucocele due to a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm.

Tumors of the appendix are rare entities causing mucoceles. The majority of them are discovered incidentally during investigation for other conditions. Laparoscopic surgery for appendiceal tumors is still controversial, as inadvertent rupture of the lesion due to improper handling will cause pseudomyxoma peritonei. The patient was incidentally discovered to have an appendiceal tumor and referred to us for laparoscopy. Because the tumor involved the entire appendix, a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed without directly handling the tumor. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Pathological diagnosis was low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. The safety of laparoscopic appendectomy for the management of incidentally discovered appendiceal tumors has not yet been established. Several reports in the literature support both laparoscopic and open surgery. The main concerns to be addressed are the adequacy of resection and intraperitoneal rupture of the tumor. Our patient successfully underwent laparoscopic surgery without any complications. A formal right hemicolectomy was performed because the tumor involved the entire appendix. We now think laparoscopic surgery for appendiceal tumors is safe, feasible, and even may be beneficial.     

Association of high carotid bifurcation and thyrolinguofacial trunk: a rare variation

Variations in the origins and the branching pattern of the carotid system of arteries are not uncommon. Here we report a rare case of higher bifurcation of the common carotid artery (CCA) (at the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone), thyrolinguofacial trunk (TLFT) originating from the CCA, superior laryngeal artery (SLA) arising from the external carotid artery (ECA) on the left side, and linguofacial trunk arising from the ECA on the right side. In the present case, the CCA and carotid bifurcation may have arisen from the second aortic arch. The ECA bud could have developed from parts of the first aortic arch and ventral aorta. Thus, the altered blood flow through these vessels due to high carotid bifurcation could have caused disproportionate growth and shift in the origins of the branches of the ECA. An understanding of the bifurcation of the CCA and the branching pattern of the ECA should prove useful to surgeons performing selective intra-arterial chemotherapy for head and neck cancer.     

Breakdown of the first hyperpolarizability/bond-length alternation parameter relationship

We have investigated the dependence of the static first hyperpolarizability on the bond-length alternation (BLA) parameter. Our analysis indicates that the validity of the first hyperpolarizability/BLA parameter relationship is restricted to the no-field, vacuum, limit, while it successively breaks down along with increasing polarity of a surrounding medium, becoming invalid, for instance, in an aqueous solution. This contention is based on a series of TD-DFT, TD-DFT/PCM and hybrid TD-DFT/MM calculations of the first hyperpolarizability for a set of molecular configurations generated from Car–Parrinello hybrid QM/MM simulations of the stilbazolium merocyanine chromophore in chloroform and water solvents, and on a rationalization by means of the two-state model for the first hyperpolarizability. The BLA dependence of the three parameters entering the two-state model is shown to be qualitatively different in vacuum and in solvents. Particularly, in the vacuum case, the difference between ground and excited state dipole moments goes to zero for a vanishing BLA, which is not true in the presence of an aqueous medium. In the aqueous medium, an opposing behavior of the parameters involved in the two-state model results in an almost constant first hyperpolarizability with varying BLA parameter.     

Laparoscopic and perineal excision of an infected "dumb-bell" shaped retrorectal epidermoid cyst

INTRODUCTION: Extraperitoneal cysts in the pelvis adjacent to the rectum are rare entities. They are of vague etiology, and the pathologic types of the acquired variety are dermoid, epidermoid, and teratoma. As far as we know, laparoscopic excision of a retrorectal epidermoid cyst has never before been reported. CASE REPORT: The patient was an elderly lady with a large pelvic cyst and another large cyst in the perineum, which displaced the vagina and the anus. Laparoscopy was performed; the pelvic cyst was punctured and then dissected out. The perineal extension of the cyst was excised via a perineal approach. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Histopathologically, the cyst was of the epidermoid type. Follow-up after 26 months revealed no recurrence. DISCUSSION: Our case presented a diagnostic dilemma. Laparoscopic excision was tedious, though we completed the procedure successfully. Precaution was taken to avoid spillage of the contents and also to avoid injury to vital structures nearby, such as the iliac vessels and ureter. It is feasible to laparoscopically excise retrorectal cysts with a careful and meticulous dissection. CONCLUSIONS: The major advantages are rapid recovery with minimal morbidity and excellent cosmesis.     

Lycopersene: A review on extraction,identification and purification and applications

Lycopersene is a stable and safe triterpenoid. Lycopersen had utilized as an antioxidant, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, cytotoxicity, antibacterial and pesticide. Obtaining pure Lycopersene from natural sources is very important for fundamental research and the above applications. The present overview provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the various methods used for extraction, isolation and purification of Lycopersene from natural sources with its applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields. Many different extraction methods ranging from conventional techniques (e.g. Soxhlet extraction, Maceration and Rotary evaporator) and other advanced extraction technologies (e.g. Solid-phase microextraction, steam distillation with Clevenger, Clevenger apparatus, Chromatography on SiO₂ column, centrifuge, sonication) had been used to obtain Lycopersene from flora and fauna. Purification techniques, alone or in combination, have been investigated for isolation and purification of Lycopersene from crude extracts in various natural sources. The review of Lycopersene identified cap areas like purity and application in various fields.     

Nanobiomaterial applications in orthopedics.

Advancements in nanobiotechnology are revolutionizing our capability to understand biological intricacies and resolve biological and medical problems by developing subtle biomimetic techniques. Nanocomposites and nanostructured materials are believed to play a pivotal role in orthopedic research since bone itself is a typical example of a nanocomposite. This article reviews current strategies using nanobiomaterials to improve current orthopedic materials and examines their applications in bone tissue engineering. Preliminary investigations support the potential of nanobiomaterials in orthopedic applications; however, significant advancements are necessary to achieve clinical use. Overall, current trends in nanobiotechnology foreshadow a bright future through the use of nanobiomaterials in the orthopedic domain.