神经元烟碱乙酰胆碱受体受阻滞所致早老型痴呆动物模型的建立

海马区内注射Ｋ－银环蛇毒素（Ｋ－ＢＧＴ）可造成小鼠学习记忆明显障碍,以建立早老性痴呆（ＡＤ）患者学习记忆缺损模型。对小鼠的损害作用随Ｋ－ＢＧＴ剂量增加而明显增加。水迷宫多项指标测试结果表明,Ｋ－ＢＧＴ损害组小鼠与对照组小鼠相比,空间学习和记忆能力显著下降。明暗回避反应实验结果也表明,Ｋ－ＢＧＴ损害小鼠潜伏期明显缩短,错误次数增多;两种检测方法均表明Ｋ－ＢＧＴ可导致小鼠学习记忆明显障碍,而且这种损害具有持久的作用。     

冠脉搭桥术：8例经验体会

目的　总结冠脉搭桥术（ Ｃ Ａ Ｂ Ｇ） 的临床经验和体会、寻找最佳的围术期处理方法。方法　分析８ 例 Ｃ Ａ Ｂ Ｇ 患者完整的临床资料。心绞痛７ 例,陈旧性心肌梗塞伴左室室壁瘤形成及发作性心绞痛１ 例。并发高血压病者６ 例,糖尿病３ 例。 Ｎ Ｙ Ｈ Ａ 心功能Ⅱ级１ 例,Ⅲ级４ 例,Ⅳ级３ 例。内乳动脉替代７ 例,共用大隐静脉桥１５ 支。结果　１ 例,术后因对角支静脉桥出血,行第２ 次开胸修补止血。次２ 日又因胸骨裂开,第３ 次开胸行胸骨再固定术。全组无手术死亡病例,出院时心绞痛症状完全缓解。结论　 Ｃ Ａ Ｂ Ｇ 成功的关键除病变部位的准确诊断外,桥的获取及良好的心肌保护至关重要。     

从部分贫困县住院分娩资料分析看农村地区围产保健对策

利用１９９６年在四川省和陕西省４个卫－Ⅵ项目县县乡两级医院,采用前瞻性研究方法收集的住院分娩资料,着重分析了产科床位使用率、产科接生工作负荷、产妇住院天数、剖腹产比例。结果显示：产科床位使用率不高,绝大多数医院都有５０％以上的产科床位日没有利用;接生工作负荷亦不高,各医院从事接生人员的１周平均接生数在０．５￣２．６之间;在一些乡卫生院产妇住院时间短,５０％以上的产妇住院不满１天;陕西的两县剖腹产比     

白内障超声乳化,玻璃体切除及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效

目的：探讨白内障超乳化摘除,睫状体平坦部下班体切割及人工晶体囊袋内植入联合手术的疗效及安全性。方法：对玻璃体视网膜病普合并白内障１８例（１８眼）施行该联合手术。其中糖尿病性视网膜病变,玻璃体出血伴白内障１０例;视网膜分枝静脉阻塞,玻璃体出血伴白内障４例;视网膜静脉周围炎,玻璃体出血伴白内障３例及特发性视网膜１例,术后随访２～１３个月（平均９月）。结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高。１２眼（６７％）术后     

Stabilizers of capitellocondylar total elbow arthroplasty

The contribution of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL) and muscle forces to the kinematics and stability of the capitellocondylar total elbow arthroplasty was investigated in six fresh cadaveric elbows. The three-dimensional orientation of the ulna relative to the humerus was monitored with the use of an electromagnetic tracking device in neutral, valgus, and varus stress positions with (1) the ligaments intact, (2) LCL insufficiency obtained by osteotomizing the lateral epicondyle, (3) partial MCL insufficiency obtained by sectioning either the anterior or posterior bundle of the MCL, and (4) complete MCL insufficiency. Simulated muscle forces were applied as follows: (1) no load, (2) 1 kg each to the biceps and the brachialis and 2 kg to the triceps, and (3) 2 kg to the biceps and the brachialis and 4 kg to the triceps. The laxity was defined as the difference in valgus/varus orientation of the ulna in the valgus and varus stress positions. The laxity at 40°, 75°, and 110° elbow flexion was analyzed. The greatest laxity occurred with LCL insufficiency (40.7° ± 11.6°, average at three flexion angles) followed by that with MCL insufficiency (15.7° ± 9.9°), both of which were significantly larger than laxity with the intact ligaments (5.6° ± 2.5°). The laxity with the anterior bundle sectioned (12.0° ± 8.1°) was significantly greater than with the posterior bundle sectioned (3.3° ± 3.6°); thus the contribution of anterior bundle to stability was four times that of posterior bundle. Stabilizing effect of muscle loading was small in elbows with intact ligaments, whereas it was large with LCL or MCL insufficiency. Based on these data, we can see that the integrity of both the MCL and LCL is essential to maintain stability of this total elbow, the anterior bundle is a more important stabilizer than the posterior bundle, and the collateral ligaments seem to be the primary stabilizer and the musculature seems to be the secondary stabilizer. Careful implantation technique to preserve the collateral ligaments is required to obtain postoperative stability of this arthroplasty. Otherwise, routine exposure of the MCL and repair or reinforcement of the MCL, if deficient, may need to be considered during surgery.     

老年人脑梗塞继发癫痫56例分析

目的　研究老年人脑梗塞继发性癫痫的发生率及发作时间 ,发作类型 ,癫痫发作与病变部位的关系、治疗与转归。方法　总结分析 5 6例老年人脑梗塞继发癫痫的临床、CT资料。结果　癫痫病发生率 9 0 % ;分别为早期癫痫与迟发性癫痫 ,而以迟发性癫痫为主 3 9例 (70 9% ) ;发作类型以局限运动为发作为主 3 6例 (64 9% ) ;癫痫发作与病变部位有关 ,病变多位于大脑半球叶 42例 (75 9% ) ,而以额叶为主。结论　老年人脑梗塞继发癫痫发病率高 ,经抗癫痫药物治疗 ,绝大多数能控制     

RP-HPLC法测普鲁托品在大鼠体内分布和排泄

目的　用反相高效液相色谱法 (RP HPLC)测定大鼠的尿、粪、肝和脑等组织中普鲁托品 (protopine ,Pro)的药物浓度 ,并对Pro在大鼠体内的分布和排泄过程进行研究。方法　流动相为甲醇、水和体积分数 2 0mol·L- 1 乙酸 (80∶2 0∶2 ) ,以ODS C1 8柱分离 ,紫外检测器检测 ,波长为 2 85nm ,生物样品在碱性条件下 ,经两次乙醚处理 ,可获得良好的分离效果。为全面了解Pro在大鼠体内的代谢过程 ,给大鼠尾静脉注射Pro 1 0mg·kg- 1 后 ,测定不同时间各组织中Pro的含量。结果　静脉给药后 ,Pro快速分布到肺、肾、脾、脑、小肠、心脏、脂肪、睾丸、肝脏、胃壁及骨骼肌、以肺、肾、脾、脑、肠组织中药物浓度较高 ,尤以肺组织浓度最高。药后 3h各组织中药物浓度下降 ,但睾丸中仍维持较高浓度。实验还发现 ,药后 5min即可测得尿中有原形药 ,1 2h尿中累积排泄量为给药量的 30 .2 1 % ,48h尿中累积排泄量为给药量的 36 87%。原形药经胆汁及粪排泄量不足 1 %。药后 5min及 1 5min血浆蛋白结合率均低于 5 %。结论　普鲁托品在大鼠体内广泛分布 ,部分经尿排泄 ,血浆蛋白结合率低     

The anatomic relation among the nerve roots, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral discs of the cervical spine

STUDY DESIGN: An anatomic study of the cervical intervertebral foramina, nerve roots, and intradural rootlets performed using a surgical microscope. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the anatomy of cervical root compression, and to obtain the anatomic findings related to cervical foraminotomy for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical foraminotomy is a procedure performed frequently for the management of cervical radiculopathy. However, anatomic studies of cervical foraminotomy have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: In this study, 18 cadavers were obtained for the study of the cervical spine. All the soft tissues were dissected from the cervical spine. Thereafter, laminectomy and facetectomy were performed on C4 through T1 using a surgical microscope. The nerve roots and surrounding anatomic structures, including intervertebral discs and foramina, were exposed. In addition, the intradural rootlets and their intersegmental connections were observed. RESULTS: The shape of the intervertebral foramina approximated a funnel, the entrance zone being the most narrow part and the root sleeves conical, with their takeoff points from the central dural sac being the largest part. Therefore, compression of the nerve roots occurred at the entrance zone of the intervertebral foramina. Anteriorly, compression of the nerve roots was caused by protruding discs and osteophytes of the uncovertebral region, whereas the superior articular process, the ligamentum flavum, and the periradicular fibrous tissues affected the nerve posteriorly. The C5 nerve roots were found to exit over the middle aspect of the intervertebral disc, whereas the C6 and C7 nerve roots were found to traverse the proximal part of the disc. The C8 nerve roots had little overlap with the C7-T1 disc in the intervertebral foramen. The C6 and C7 rootlets passed two disc levels in the dural sac. Also, a high incidence of the intradural connections between the dorsal rootlets of C5, C6, and C7 segments was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the anatomy of the nerve roots, rootlets, and intervertebral foramina, and may aid in understanding the pathology of cervical radiculopathy. The presence of intradural connections between dorsal nerve roots and the relation between the course of the nerve root and the intervertebral disc may explain the clinical variation of symptoms resulting from-nerve root compression in the cervical spine. To perform cervical foraminotomy for cervical radiculopathy, it is necessary to understand the detailed anatomy of the intervertebral foramina thoroughly.     

宁夏枸杞无公害生产关键技术研究与示范

分析无公害枸杞生产的相关因子，研究枸杞无公害生产关键技术，并进行示范与推广：枸杞产品已基本符合无公害食品的部颁标准。     

五色梅根三萜类物质镇痛和抗炎的实验研究

目的：研究五色梅根三萜类物质镇痛和抗炎作用。方法：用扭体法观察镇痛作用；用二甲苯使小鼠致炎观察该药的抗炎作用。结果；五色梅根三萜类物质对醋酸致痛具有明显的镇痛作用．对二甲苯所致炎性水肿也有显著的抑制作用。结论：五色梅根三萜类物质具有较好的镇痛抗炎作用。