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991.
Prasad S 《Journal of cataract and refractive surgery》2004,30(10):2032-2033
992.
PURPOSE: The case report describes a case of severe anterior capsular contraction associated with choroidal effusion. CASE REPORT: An 81 year old female with primary open angle glaucoma underwent routine phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Eight weeks following surgery the anterior capsule opening had reduced to 3 mm in size. Intraocular pressure was found to be 4 mmHg and B scan ultrasound revealed a large choroidal effusion. Anterior capsulotomy with Nd:YAG laser was performed. At review, two weeks later, the choroidal effusion had resolved and visual acuity had recovered. DISCUSSION: The Nd:YAG laser radial relaxing capsulotomies helped relieve the capsular contraction and associated traction on the ciliary body. 相似文献
993.
Steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin in healthy subjects following a new extended release fluvastatin tablet, Lescol XL 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This was an open-label, randomized, three-period, three-treatment, multiple dose, crossover study in 12 healthy male and female subjects. This study evaluated single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin following single and multiple dose administrations of a new extended release fluvastatin 8 h matrix tablet, Lescol XL 80 mg and 160 mg doses once a day. The study also included a twice a day administration of an immediate release (IR) form of fluvastatin capsule, Lescol, for comparative purposes. All doses were administered for 7 days. The safety and tolerability were also assessed. The pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were evaluated on days 1 and 7 following each treatment. Fluvastatin systemic exposure was 50% less when administered as Lescol XL 80 mg qd compared with Lescol IR 40 mg bid. Conversely, fluvastatin systemic exposure was 22% higher when administered as Lescol XL 160 mg qd compared with Lescol IR 40 mg bid. Single doses of Lescol XL 80 mg and 160 mg were dose proportional but, deviation (30%) from dose proportionality was observed for the Lescol XL 160 mg at steady-state. There appeared to be moderate (20%-40%) accumulation of serum fluvastatin maximal concentrations and exposure after multiple doses of Lescol XL tablets. Both Lescol XL 80 mg and 160 mg showed delayed absorption and longer apparent elimination half-life compared with fluvastatin IR capsule. Single and multiple doses of fluvastatin were generally well tolerated in this healthy volunteer population. Adverse event profiles were consistent with the published safety profile of the marketed formulations. Aside from one incidence of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation (following Lescol XL 160 mg qd treatment), there were no safety concerns with any of the treatments when administered acutely (7 days). 相似文献
994.
Erythromycin taurate, a new derivative of erythromycin, was prepared by reacting erythromycin base with tauric acid and its physico-chemical and biological properties were evaluated. The derivative has reasonably good solubility in organic solvents. The partition coefficient values in chloroform/water 1.17 and octanol/water 1.16 systems indicate its good distribution in various tissues in vivo. The in vitro antimicrobial potency of the derivative (833.33 microg mg(-1)) is higher than that of the existing derivatives such as erythromycin estolate, erythromycin stearate, erythromycin ethyl succinate, erythromycin gluceptate, erythromycin lactobionate. The antimicrobial spectrum is comparable to that of the parent compound. Our results indicate that erythromycin taurate has a high potential for possible clinical application and is more efficient against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae than the parent base. 相似文献
995.
The current lack of effective therapy for malignant gliomas has prompted the development of three primary foci of molecular research: anti-angiogenesis therapy, immunotherapy, and DNA- and RNA-based therapies. Angiogenesis inhibitors, designed to exploit the highly vascularized nature of gliomas, target endothelial cells and/or the extracellular matrix and bypass many of the problems of conventional chemotherapy. There may be easy access to the molecular target (e.g. blood vessels), reduced induction of drug resistance, and general lack of host toxicity. The relatively immunoprivileged status of the brain has also prompted use of immune stimulation as an anti-glioma strategy. Lines of attack include global cytokine therapy, vaccination with specific tumor antigens, dosing with monoclonal antibodies conjugated to radioisotopes or toxins, and ex vivo priming of lymphocytes. With regard to DNA- and RNA-based therapy, numerous oncogenic proteins have been targeted by antisense molecules administered alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiation. In one tactic, termed "suicide" gene therapy, herpes simplex thymidine kinase has been transfected into glioma cells via a retrovirus; subsequent introduction of ganciclovir causes cytotoxicity in the transduced cells. Although considerable preclinical data have been accumulated, promising results for therapy of human glioma have only recently appeared. 相似文献
996.
Maity A Shu HK Judkins AR Fisher MJ Dwyer-Joyce LE Vaughn DJ 《Journal of neuro-oncology》2004,70(1):83-85
Most patients with intracranial germinomas will be cured and become long-term survivors. Physicians caring for these patients should recognize that these patients may be at risk for disease-related and/or treatment-related late sequelae. We report the case of a 27-year-old man who developed testicular seminoma 16 years after treatment for intracranial germinoma. Like their testicular cancer counterparts, long-term survivors of intracranial germinomas may have a susceptibility to develop a subsequent germ cell tumor. These patients require lifelong medical follow-up and should be encouraged to perform testicular self-examination at the appropriate age. 相似文献
997.
Meenan J Tibble J Prasad P Wilkinson M 《European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology》2004,16(3):299-303
OBJECTIVES: Choledocholithiasis and other benign conditions of the biliary tree are difficult to define clinically. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is increasingly being replaced as the investigation of choice by other imaging modalities. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of substituting endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for ERCP in terms of case throughput and the proportion of therapeutic ERCPs performed. METHODS: Over a 12-month period, cases with a low/medium likelihood for biliary pathology were triaged to EUS rather than ERCP. Data were collected on the proportion of ERCPs performed with diagnostic or therapeutic intent and compared with data from the preceding 12-month period. RESULTS: In the 12 months to April 2001, 518 cases were referred for ERCP; 140 underwent EUS and 378 underwent ERCP. The proportions of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP were 14% and 86%, respectively. Benign biliary disease represented 33% of all referrals for EUS, and calculi were identified in 6% of these cases. During the preceding year, 637 ERCPs were performed. The proportion of diagnostic (33%) and therapeutic (67%) cases differed from the index year (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of EUS for ERCP results in significant quantitative and qualitative change to ERCP practice, which has direct consequences for training and service development. 相似文献
998.
The advent of safe and effective hypolipidemic therapy has revolutionized the ability of the clinician to optimize abnormalities
in the lipid profile. The advent of statin therapy has provided a potent option to decrease low-density lipoprotein and frequently
allows achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program target lipid levels with monotherapy. However, lipid goals are
frequently not achieved due to inadequate response to therapy or side effects. The role of combination therapy in the optimization
of the lipid profile provides a means by which the implementation of pharmacologic agents with synergistic mechanisms of action
allows further improvement in circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Statins have been combined with bile
acid resins, fibric acid derivatives, and nicotinic acid. However, bile acid resins, although not systemically absorbed, have
significant problems with patient compliance and drug interactions. The implementation of therapy with fibric acid derivatives
or nicotinic acid increases the risk of significant side effects such as rhabdomyolysis or liver toxicity. Ezetimibe is a
prototype of a new class of agents that specifically block the absorption of cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract.
Ezetimibe has minimal systemic absorption and a metabolic pathway involving enterohepatic circulation that allows for once
a day administration due to a prolonged half-life. Ezetimibe lacks the drug interactions that are common with the bile acid
resins and it may be utilized as either monotherapy or in combination with other pharmacologic agents. Ezetimibe has a relatively
flat dose-response curve and titration is not required. This review centers on the role of pharmacologic agents that act predominantly
by the reduction of cholesterol absorption, including colesevelam and ezetimibe. 相似文献
999.
Julius S Cohn JN Neutel J Weber M Turlapaty P Shen Y Dong V Batchelor A Lagast H 《Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)》2004,6(1):10-17
The authors evaluated, in a community-based open-label trial, the effectiveness and safety of perindopril in 13,220 US hypertensive patients and studied how physicians adhere to hypertension treatment guidelines. Patients received perindopril 4 mg q.d. for 6 weeks. Based on physicians' perception of blood pressure response, the patient was either maintained on 4 mg or the dose was increased to 8 mg for an additional 6 weeks. From baseline to week 12, the mean sitting blood pressure significantly declined from 156.9/94.5 mm Hg to 139.2/84.0 mm Hg. Further dose titration resulted in a clinically significant reduction in blood pressure in all patients with inadequate response on 4 mg at week 6. Blood pressure control (<140/<90 mm Hg) was achieved at 12 weeks in 48.8% patients. The subpopulation analyses demonstrated that perindopril monotherapy was effective in both men and women, in patients of all ethnicities, and in patients <65 and ≤65 years of age. Perindopril was safe and well tolerated in all hypertensive subgroups including high-risk patients. Physicians were more attuned to controlling diastolic than systolic blood pressure, and their adherence to the treatment guidelines was found to be not optimal. 相似文献
1000.
Prasad KM Rohm BR Keshavan MS 《Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry》2004,28(4):651-658
Neuropathological abnormalities in schizophrenia have been demonstrated in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Only a few studies on first-episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients have been done using in vivo neuroimaging techniques. The authors examined the PHG morphology using structural MRI in neuroleptic-naive subjects with first episode psychoses. Volumetric measurements of PHG and intracranial volume (ICV) were obtained on subjects with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (SCZ; n = 33), nonschizophrenia psychotic disorders (NSCZ; n = 11) and matched healthy subjects (HS; n = 43). The subjects were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Group differences and clinical correlations of ICV-adjusted PHG volumes were examined. Left PHG was significantly different across the groups consisting of SCZ, NSCZ and HS. PHG was larger in NSCZ compared to SCZ but not relative to HS. Bilaterally, PHG was no different between SCZ and HS. In pooled psychotic patients, the PHG volume negatively correlated with total positive symptom, delusion and conceptual disorganization scores on BPRS. Patients with delusions had relatively smaller PHG compared to nondelusional subjects. Observed differences in PHG volume in first-episode neuroleptic-naive patients suggest that these observations are not confounded by illness chronicity or medication effects. Significant association of PHG volume with psychotic symptoms suggests that PHG pathology plays an important role in the etiopathology of psychosis and its symptoms. 相似文献