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排序方式: 共有131条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Dr. med. Walther Amelung Dr. med. Hans von Hecker 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1925,4(5):204-207
Zusammenfassung Alle auf dem Blutweg entstandenen disseminierten Lungentuberkulosen (Miliartuberkulosen) sind bei aller Verschiedenheit ihres klinischen Bildes und Verlaufes als ein einheitliches Ganzes aufzufassen. Zu dem oft auffallend geringen klinischen Befund, der bisweilen kaum eine Lungenerkrankung vermuten läßt, steht das Röntgenbild, das eine annähernd gleichmäßige Aussaat über alle Lungenfelder zeigt, im deutlichen Gegensatz. Auch für die hämatogen disseminierten Lungentuberkulosen gelten die heutigen auf biologischen und histologischanatomischen Grundlagen beruhenden Einteilungsgrundsätze der Tuberkulose. Die Miliartuberkulose ist keine durchweg infaust verlaufende Erkrankung. Ihre Entwicklung und ihr Verlauf hängen von der einzelnen, röntgenologisch gut erkennbaren Reaktionsform (produktiv und exsudativ) und dem Vorhandensein anderer Organtuberkulosen ab. Mangelhafte Immunität und durch äußere Einflüsse bewirkte Herabsetzung der Widerstandsfähigkeit sind von großem Einfluß. 相似文献
32.
Background
Interest in assessing the value of health-care services in Germany has considerably increased since the foundation of the Institut für Qualit?t und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care). The practical application of value assessment illustrates how problematic the process can be. In all decisions made for the provision of health care, data concerning the measurable dimensions (quantity and quality of efficacy and effectiveness, validity of the results and costs) flow into a complex and not yet standardized decision-making process concerning public financing. Some of these decisions are based on data of uncertain validity, unknown reproducibility and unclear appropriateness. 相似文献33.
Janus K Amelung VE 《Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))》2004,66(10):649-655
Since the coming into effect of the Health Care Modernization Act (Gesundheitsmodernisierungsgesetz) the conditions for integrated health care delivery are favourable in Germany. However, comprehensive approaches are a long time in coming. In contrast, integrated health care delivery as an integral part of the spreading of managed care entered a further stage of development, which enables health care decision makers to draw conclusions regarding the further development of integrated health care delivery in Germany. Based on case studies integrated delivery systems in the San Francisco Bay Area have been analyzed with the objective to evaluate pitfalls and successful strategies for integrated health care delivery. The major pitfalls refer to an insufficient local focus, a lack of actual integration and the application of per capita reimbursement (which is a key subject on the political agenda in Germany as well) within integrated delivery systems. On the contrary, successful strategies include achieving a dynamic tension between centralized and decentralized coordination, internal and external relationship management, well organised human resource management including a well-defined corporate policy and a comprehensive implementation of information technology. Based on US experiences with integrated delivery systems implications for the design of integrated health care delivery in Germany are discussed. 相似文献
34.
Lubet RA; Steele VE; DeCoster R; Bowden C; You M; Juliana MM; Eto I; Kelloff GJ; Grubbs CJ 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1345-1351
The chemopreventive activity of the highly specific nonsteroidal aromatase
inhibitor, vorozole, was examined in the methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced
rat model of mammary carcinogenesis. Various doses of vorozole (0.08-1.25
mg/kg body wt/day) were administered daily (by gavage) to female
Sprague-Dawley rats starting at 43 days of age. Seven days later, the rats
were given a single i.v. dose of MNU (50 mg/kg body wt). Rats were
continually treated with vorozole until the end of the experiment (120 days
post-MNU). Vorozole caused a dose dependent inhibition of mammary cancer
multiplicity. The highest dose of vorozole (1.25 mg/kg body wt/day)
decreased cancer multiplicity by approximately 90%, and simultaneously
decreased cancer incidence from 100 to 44%. The next two highest doses of
vorozole (0.63 and 0.31 mg/kg body wt/day) inhibited MNU-induced mammary
cancer multiplicity by 70-80%. Even the two lowest doses of vorozole (0.16
and 0.08 mg/kg body wt/ day) decreased cancer multiplicity -50%. Serum
level determinations were performed on a variety of endpoints at either 4
or 24 h following the last dose of vorozole. Insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-1 levels were slightly, but significantly, increased by vorozole
treatment. Vorozole induced striking increases in serum testosterone levels
at 4 h at all the dose levels employed. Testosterone levels were
significantly elevated over controls at 24 h in rats given the lower doses
of vorozole (0.08-0.31 mg/kg body wt/day), but were significantly lower
than in rats administered the higher doses of vorozole (0.63 or 1.25 mg/kg
body wt/ day). This result presumably reflects the limited half- life of
vorozole in rats. In a second series of experiments, the effects of limited
duration of dosing with vorozole (2.5 mg/kg body wt/day) or intermittent
dosing with vorozole were determined. Treatment of rats with vorozole for
limited time periods, from 3 days post-MNU administration until 30 or 60
days post-MNU treatment, resulted in significant delays in the time to
appearance of palpable cancers. However, these limited treatments did not
greatly affect the overall incidence or multiplicity of mammary cancers
when compared with the MNU controls at the end of the study (150 days
post-MNU). Finally, the effects of intermittent dosing with vorozole (2.5
mg/kg body wt/day) were examined. Rats were administered cycles of vorozole
daily for a period of 3 weeks followed by treatment with the vorozole
vehicle for the next 3 weeks (total of four cycles). Although this
intermittent treatment did inhibit the appearance of new tumors during each
of the periods that vorozole was administered, it did not cause regression
of palpable cancers.
相似文献
35.
36.
37.
VE Ghantous TD Eisen AH Sherman FO Finkelstein 《American journal of kidney diseases》1999,33(1):36-42
The incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continues to increase, especially in the elderly population. The role of renovascular disease in contributing to ESRD is still not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in evaluating elderly patients with renal insufficiency for renal artery stenosis (RAS). A 7-month prospective study conducted in a tertiary referral center evaluated 40 consecutive patients with progressive renal insufficiency (18 men and 22 women; mean age, 70 +/- 5.6 [standard deviation] years) and high clinical suspicion for renovascular disease with Gd-enhanced MRA. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was obtained in only those patients with significant RAS detected by MRA. Twelve patients had significant RAS. Six of these patients had percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA), five patients had renal artery bypass surgery, and one patient had a stent placed after PTRA. Seventy-eight renal arteries were satisfactorily evaluated by MRA. Twenty-two renal arteries were evaluated by both MRA and DSA. Of the 12 significant stenoses detected by the MRA, 11 were confirmed by DSA and 1 was confirmed at the time of surgical revascularization. It is concluded that Gd-enhanced MRA is a useful test for the evaluation of RAS in patients with compromised renal function. 相似文献
38.
Thompson HJ; McGinley JN; Wolfe P; Singh M; Steele VE; Kelloff GJ 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(12):2181-2185
An experimental model for mammary carcinogenesis has been described in
which intraductal proliferations, ductal carcinomas in situ and
adenocarcinomas can be readily detected and the frequency of their
occurrence quantified. The objective of the experiment reported in this
study was to determine the latency period between carcinogen administration
and the occurrence of each of these types of lesion. A total of 150 female
Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 50 mg 1- methyl-1-nitrosourea
(MNU)/kg body wt at 21 days of age. Groups of 30 rats each were killed at
7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days post-carcinogen. Mammary intraductal
proliferations were the first detected lesions and were observed in 20% of
the animals at 14 days following carcinogen administration. At 21 days
post-carcinogen ductal carcinomas in situ and adenocarcinomas were
observed. The number of each type of lesion increased with time
post-carcinogen, but the temporal pattern of occurrence was different among
lesion types. The pattern of lesion occurrence was consistent with
intraductal proliferations being a precursor lesion for ductal carcinomas
in situ and adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, the data imply that ductal
carcinomas in situ represent one pathway of morphological progression by
which intraductal proliferations evolve into invasive carcinomas, but that
this lesion type, as currently defined histologically, may not be an
obligatory intermediate in morphologic progression. These findings are
consistent with emerging evidence of multiple but distinct pathogenetic
pathways leading to mammary carcinomas that display different morphological
patterns and biological activities.
相似文献
39.
40.
VE Reyes-Ortiz W Calderón-Alicea R Castillo JJ Cintrón-García JJ Cintrón-García L Colón Cruz A Hernández-Mu?oz I Irizarry-Pérez I Lockward C Neste-Laboy M Ortíz-León A Peréz-Homar J Pérez W Ramírez-López L Rivera D Scholz M Soto-Ortíz A Torres-García 《The West Indian medical journal》2014,63(6):616-619