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The low rate of understanding and the limited domain of attention are two important and distinctive characteristics of mental retardation. One of the important strategies to provide effective education for these subjects is to lessen the backgrounds and impacts of these affective factors. The aim of this research was to find the effect of computer games program on the amount of mentally retarded persons' attention. Sixty educable male mentally retarded subjects were selected from two 24-h care centres in Tehran. The Toulouse-Pieron Scale was used to determinate the subjects' attention at pre-post test. Members of the experimental group were subjected to 35 sets of computer games. After use of the sets of computer games, the attention scores of the subjects were assessed immediately after the intervention and 5 weeks later. The results showed that exactly after the intervention the average attention scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. But, 5 weeks after the intervention, there was actually no significant difference. 相似文献
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CYP1B1 mutation profile of Iranian primary congenital glaucoma patients and associated haplotypes 下载免费PDF全文
Chitsazian F Tusi BK Elahi E Saroei HA Sanati MH Yazdani S Pakravan M Nilforooshan N Eslami Y Mehrjerdi MA Zareei R Jabbarvand M Abdolahi A Lasheyee AR Etemadi A Bayat B Sadeghi M Banoei MM Ghafarzadeh B Rohani MR Rismanchian A Thorstenson Y Sarfarazi M 《The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD》2007,9(3):382-393
The mutation spectrum of CYP1B1 among 104 primary congenital glaucoma patients of the genetically heterogeneous Iranian population was investigated by sequencing. We also determined intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes associated with the mutations and compared these with haplotypes of other populations. Finally, the frequency distribution of the haplotypes was compared among primary congenital glaucoma patients with and without CYP1B1 mutations and normal controls. Genotype classification of six high-frequency SNPs was performed using the PHASE 2.0 software. CYP1B1 mutations in the Iranian patients were very heterogeneous. Nineteen nonconservative mutations associated with disease, and 10 variations not associated with disease were identified. Ten mutations and three variations not associated with disease were novel. The 13 novel variations make a notable contribution to the approximately 70 known variations in the gene. CYP1B1 mutations were identified in 70% of the patients. The four most common mutations were G61E, R368H, R390H, and R469W, which together constituted 76.2% of the CYP1B1 mutated alleles found. Six unique core SNP haplotypes were identified, four of which were common to the patients with and without CYP1B1 mutations and controls studied. Three SNP blocks determined the haplotypes. Comparison of haplotypes with those of other populations suggests a common origin for many of the mutations. 相似文献
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Citrus limonoids, nomilin and limonin, were used for larvicidal assay against Aedes albopictus utilizing WHO methodology. LC50s were 305.83, 176.08, and 136.07 μM for nomilin and 850.09, 600.72, and 407.09 μM for limonin after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.
LT50 assays exhibited that Savage citrange oil was the best at all concentrations (400, 500, 600, and 700 ppm) while Fairchild
and Cassa grande were the weakest oils at 400 ppm, but at 500, 600, and 700 ppm, Carrizo citrange remained at the bottom with
highest LT50 values. Results exhibited that nomilin was more toxic than limonin and therefore provided a clear indication that limonoids
in sample oils influenced the potential of respective oil. Out of the 10 tested citrus seed oils, Savage citrange (Citrus sinensis) comprised the maximum amount of limonin (2823.59 μg/ml) followed by grapefruit, Sacaton citrumelo, and Jaffa. When this
oil (Savage citrange) was evaluated for bioassay against larvae of Ae. albopictus, it reflected complete dominance (LC50 and LT50) as compared to rest of the oils. Although Jaffa (Citrus paradisi) was found to contain nomilin and limonin, it was found less effective as compared to Savage citrange. The oils from Minneola
and Chinese lime did not contain limonin and nomilin, and were therefore weak in terms of LC50 values. Presence of limonin and nomilin in plant products is therefore a significant indicator of the pest control that needs
to be exploited in other plants as well. 相似文献
78.
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes human Chagas' disease, induces a type I interferon (IFN) (IFN-α/β) response during acute experimental infection in mice and in isolated primary cell types. To examine the potential impact of the type I IFN response in shaping outcomes in experimental T. cruzi infection, groups of wild-type (WT) and type I IFN receptor-deficient (IFNAR(-/-)) 129sv/ev mice were infected with two different T. cruzi strains under lethal and sublethal conditions and several parameters were measured during the acute stage of infection. The results demonstrate that type I IFNs are not required for early host protection against T. cruzi. In contrast, under conditions of lethal T. cruzi challenge, WT mice succumbed to infection whereas IFNAR(-/-) mice were ultimately able to control parasite growth and survive. T. cruzi clearance in and survival of IFNAR(-/-) mice were accompanied by higher levels of IFN-γ production by isolated splenocytes in response to parasite antigen. The suppression of IFN-γ in splenocytes from WT mice was independent of IL-10 levels. While the impact of type I IFNs on the production of IFN-γ and other cytokines/chemokines remains to be fully determined in the context of T. cruzi infection, our data suggest that, under conditions of high parasite burden, type I IFNs negatively impact IFN-γ production, initiating a detrimental cycle that contributes to the ultimate failure to control infection. These findings are consistent with a growing theme in the microbial pathogenesis field in which type I IFNs can be detrimental to the host in a variety of nonviral pathogen infection models. 相似文献
79.
An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for severe rhabdomyolysis induced by drug-drug interactions between simvastatin and ketoconazole and he recovered completely. Guidelines are suggesting lower goals for low density cholesterol leading to increased statin use. As the population is aging and treated with multiple medications for other co-morbidities, it is imperative for physician to be aware of potential fatal drug-drug interactions, in our case statins, and look for alternatives. 相似文献
80.
Shhadeh A Sair HI Kanamalla US 《Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR》2007,18(8):1051-1053
The present report describes an unusual case of a duplicated origin of the left vertebral artery from the aorta discovered incidentally in a young patient. Computed tomographic angiography followed by conventional angiography demonstrated this anomaly. Angiographic findings and vertebral artery embryogenesis and anomalies are discussed. 相似文献