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排序方式: 共有3257条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Richard Whitlock Kevin Teoh Jessica Vincent P.J. Devereaux Andre Lamy Domenico Paparella Yunxia Zuo Daniel I. Sessler Pallav Shah Juan-Carlos Villar Ganesan Karthikeyan Gerard Urrútia Alvaro Alvezum Xiaohe Zhang Seyed Hesameddin Abbasi Hong Zheng Mackenzie Quantz Jean-Pierre Yared Hai Yu Nicolas Noiseux Salim Yusuf 《American heart journal》2014
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An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver injury in experimental animals and humans. The activation step (formation of reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine by cytochrome P450 system) and the consequent downstream pathway of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation play an important role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Formulation of APAP with an inhibitor of the activation step would be ideal to prevent accidental and intentional APAP toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common colorless, inexpensive solvent, and considered safe in human. We hypothesized that a less hepatotoxic APAP if co-formulated with DMSO. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were given toxic dose of APAP (250 mg kg−1, i.p.) mixed with different doses of DMSO (25, 50, 100, and 200 μl kg−1). Six hours after APAP treatment, blood and lives were collected for analysis. In DMSO treated groups, there was dose-dependent decrease in markers of liver injury, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Maximum protection was obtained with 200 μl DMSO kg−1. DMSO was shown to inhibit the activation step by decreasing the rate of GSH depletion in vivo and inhibiting cytochrome P450 system in vitro. Also the levels of lipid peroxides, nitrate/nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1β were decreased significantly. In conclusion, DMSO exerts its protective action by inhibiting the metabolic activation of APAP and thus alleviating the downstream, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation via indirect inhibition. Our findings suggest that replacing the current APAP with APAP/DMSO formulation could prevent accidental and intentional APAP toxicity. 相似文献
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Aims/hypothesis
A Japanese study had earlier reported that KCNQ1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. To further investigate this finding, we analysed three SNPs, rs2237895, rs2237897 and rs2283228, within the KCNQ1 locus for association with albuminuria among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients residing in Singapore. Albuminuria was analysed as both categorical (micro- and macroalbuminuria) and continuous traits (log e albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR]).Methods
A total of 752 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Albuminuria was determined by ACR using spot urine samples, and renal function was approximated using estimated GFR. Genotyping was performed using invader and Taqman assays as appropriate. Multivariate regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between SNPs and renal traits.Results
Significant associations were detected between rs2283228 and macroalbuminuria (p?0.001, corrected p?0.01), as well as log e ACR (p?=?0.004, corrected p?=?0.036) after multiple hypothesis testing and adjustment for potential confounding. A trend of increasing OR was observed with increasing severity of diabetic nephropathy (low and high microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria). rs2237897, previously implicated in the earlier Japanese study, was also associated with macroalbuminuria, but this finding did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Meta-analyses of the Chinese and Japanese studies revealed both SNPs to be significantly associated with macroalbuminuria.Conclusions/interpretation
Together with the previous Japanese study, our findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to KCNQ1 being an established type 2 diabetes gene, genetic variation in this gene may contribute to susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in East Asians. 相似文献89.
A Brautbar LA Pompeii A Dehghan JS Ngwa V Nambi SS Virani F Rivadeneira AG Uitterlinden A Hofman JC Witteman MJ Pencina AR Folsom LA Cupples CM Ballantyne E Boerwinkle 《Atherosclerosis》2012,223(2):421-426
ObjectiveMultiple studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined whether SNPs selected based on predefined criteria will improve CHD risk prediction when added to traditional risk factors (TRFs).MethodsSNPs were selected from the literature based on association with CHD, lack of association with a known CHD risk factor, and successful replication. A genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed based on these SNPs. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate CHD risk based on the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Framingham CHD risk scores with and without the GRS.ResultsThe GRS was associated with risk for CHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.13). Addition of the GRS to the ARIC risk score significantly improved discrimination, reclassification, and calibration beyond that afforded by TRFs alone in non-Hispanic whites in the ARIC study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) increased from 0.742 to 0.749 (Δ = 0.007; 95% CI, 0.004–0.013), and the net reclassification index (NRI) was 6.3%. Although the risk estimates for CHD in the Framingham Offspring (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10–1.14) and Rotterdam (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14) Studies were significantly improved by adding the GRS to TRFs, improvements in AUC and NRI were modest.ConclusionAddition of a GRS based on direct associations with CHD to TRFs significantly improved discrimination and reclassification in white participants of the ARIC Study, with no significant improvement in the Rotterdam and Framingham Offspring Studies. 相似文献
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Alam M Bandeali SJ Virani SS Jneid HM Shahzad SA Ramanathan KB Kar B Kleiman NS Lakkis N 《Clinical cardiology》2012,35(5):291-296