Mental Well‐Being Mediates the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Perceived Health

The association between stress and health has been well researched in the past; however, comparatively few mediators have been tested to understand the underlying mechanism. With increasing awareness on mental well‐being, this study evaluated the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health and examined mental well‐being as a mediator. Two‐hundred undergraduates aged 21 to 26 years completed the English Perceived Stress Scale, Health Status Questionnaire and Asian Mental Well‐Being Scale that assess perceived stress, perceived health and mental well‐being, respectively. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling on the Perceived Stress Scale replicated the reported two‐factor structure after excluding an insignificant item. Linear multiple regression analyses indicated that perceived stress was negatively associated with perceived health. Results showed that mental well‐being partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and perceived health, although it is acknowledged that this association could be bidirectional. Findings from the present study suggest that future research could focus on reducing stress and improving mental well‐being to alleviate the effect of stress on health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of aldehyde dehydrogenase in viable cells

Cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an enzyme responsible for oxidizing intracellular aldehydes, has an important role in ethanol, vitamin A, and cyclophosphamide metabolism. High expression of this enzyme in primitive stem cells from multiple tissues, including bone marrow and intestine, appears to be an important mechanism by which these cells are resistant to cyclophosphamide. However, although hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) express high levels of cytosolic ALDH, isolating viable HSC by their ALDH expression has not been possible because ALDH is an intracellular protein. We found that a fluorescent aldehyde, dansyl aminoacetaldehyde (DAAA), could be used in flow cytometry experiments to isolate viable mouse and human cells based on their ALDH content. The level of dansyl fluorescence exhibited by cells after incubation with DAAA paralleled cytosolic ALDH levels determined by Western blotting and the sensitivity of the cells to cyclophosphamide. Moreover, DAAA appeared to be a more sensitive means of assessing cytosolic ALDH levels than Western blotting. Bone marrow progenitors treated with DAAA proliferated normally. Furthermore, marrow cells expressing high levels of dansyl fluorescence after incubation with DAAA were enriched for hematopoietic progenitors. The ability to isolate viable cells that express high levels of cytosolic ALDH could be an important component of methodology for identifying and purifying HSC and for studying cyclophosphamide-resistant tumor cell populations.     

Accuracy of supplementary serologic testing for human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in US blood donors. Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study

Blood donations in the United States have been screened for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) by HTLV-I enzyme immunoassay (EIA) since November 1988. Specimens repeatedly found to be reactive by EIA undergo confirmation by supplementary serologic tests. We assessed the accuracy of blood center testing of 994 HTLV-I EIA repeat-reactive specimens in five US blood centers between November 1988 and December 1991. Of 410 confirmed HTLV-I/II donations, 407 (99.3%) were infected with HTLV-I/II, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (403 cases) and by repeat serologic testing (4 cases). The three false- positive results occurred in the first year of testing. Of 425 HTLV- indeterminate specimens, 6 (1.4%) were found to be infected by PCR (5 with HTLV-II and 1 with HTLV-I). None of 159 confirmatory test-negative donations was PCR positive. Of HTLV-I/II-seropositive specimens, 80.2% to 95.4% could be typed as HTLV-I or HTLV-II by type-specific serologic assays. These results support recommendations that HTLV-I/II- seropositive donors should be advised that they are infected with HTLV- I, HTLV-II, or HTLV-I/II (depending on results of type-specific assays). HTLV-indeterminate donors should be advised that their results only rarely indicate HTLV infection. HTLV confirmatory test-negative donors should be reassured that they are not infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II.     

股骨近端锁定加压钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的 探讨股骨近端锁定加压钢板（LCP）内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用股骨近端LCP治疗23例股骨转子间骨折的患者.随访观察骨折愈合时间,按Harris评分标准评价疗效.结果 23例均获随访,时间6~12（9±1.4）个月.骨折愈合时间14~20（17±1.7）周.髋关节Harris评分：优13例,良9例,一般1例.结论 股骨近端LCP内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折创伤小、出血少、对骨膜影响小,符合解剖形态,临床疗效满意.     

Detection of the hemoglobin E mutation using the color complementation assay: application to complex genotyping

The color complementation assay (CCA) is a method of allele-specific DNA amplification by which competitive priming and extension of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide primers determine the color of DNA amplification product. This diagnostic method precludes the need for radioisotopes, electrophoresis, and multiple high-stringency reaction conditions. The multiplicity of mutant globin genes present in Southeast Asians complicates clinical diagnosis and underscores the importance of DNA-based diagnostic methods. We have applied CCA to distinguish beta A and beta E alleles. Competing 15mer primers were a fluorescein-labeled complement to beta A and a rhodamine-labeled complement to beta E, identical except for their central nucleotides. A common unlabeled primer was used to amplify DNA product, the color of which was determined by the perfectly complementary primer. Color photography and spectrofluorometry, as well as a method of black-white photography that we developed to distinguish fluorescein- and rhodamine- labeled DNA, were used to record results. We applied CCA to define the complex genotype of a Thai woman with thalassemia intermedia, 96% HbE, and 4% HbF whose possible genotypes included several permutations of alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, and beta E genes. zeta-Globin gene mapping of DNA doubly digested with Bg/II and Asp 718 showed the -alpha 3.7/--SEA genotype, and CCA confirmed homozygous beta E/beta E. The CCA is useful for diagnosing the compound hemoglobin genotypes of Southeast Asians and could be applied also to prenatal diagnosis in this population.     

Diagnostic role of an immunoassay-detected polymorphism of factor IX for potential carriers of hemophilia B

In hemophilia B, assays based on a monoclonal antifactor IX specific for the Thr-148 variant of an exonic polymorphism have diagnosed carriers in selected families by either establishing linkage or by indicating the presence or absence of a given normal factor IX. The sensitivity of the immunoassays for detecting heterozygous women was explored by comparing results from immunoassays with solid-phase polyclonal v the monoclonal antifactor IXs. Factor IX with the normal Ala-148 variant gave a flat dilution curve, qualitatively distinct from factor IX with the Thr-148 variant in the monoclonal assay. The two were indistinguishable in the polyclonal assay. Mixtures of equal amounts of the two types gave an intermediate result, about half as reactive in the monoclonal as compared with the polyclonal assay system. Whereas mixtures with 10% Ala-148 and 90% Thr-148 factor IXs could not readily be distinguished from Thr-148 factor IX plasma, as little as 1% of the Thr-148 protein was detected in Ala-148 factor IX plasma. The frequency of the Ala-148 variant varied in individuals with different ethnic backgrounds; it was found in 29% of white, 12% of black, and none of Asian blood donors' factor IX genes in Seattle. Only 4% of samples from South African black men were nonreactive (ie, Ala- 148). The Thr/Ala-148 dimorphism is in strong linkage disequilibrium with Taql restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Three recombinations were noted in normal white genes and one in a normal black factor IX gene (less than 2% of those examined). In 34 white families with at least one woman being a possible carrier, genetically, the immunoassay results were informative in 18. RFLP analyses were informative in eight of the 15 families tested. In five families each, assignment of carrier status was made to a woman by only DNA or only immunoassay results, whereas the other approach was noninformative. The immunoassays provide a rapid, inexpensive screening test and complement DNA analysis in white women who are potential carriers of hemophilia B.     

胰腺癌组织VEGF和MVD表达与CT灌注成像的关系

血管内皮生长因子作为肿瘤血管生成的一种主要调控因子,与微血管密度密切相关．胰腺癌组织的血管内皮生长因子和微血管密度的测定对于判断患者的预后,指导临床治疗和判断疗效等具有重要作用．CT灌注成像可以通过无创伤检查反映胰腺癌的肿瘤血管构成, 在治疗前后提供有价值依据,对胰腺癌的诊治有重要意义．     

冻存复苏条件对髓性白血病细胞株生物学特性的影响

目的:采用不同方法对白血病HL60细胞株进行冻存和复苏,观察生物学特性改变,筛选最佳冻存复苏方案。方法:实验于2006-04/06在吉林医药学院临床检验实验室(国家三级标准)进行。①HL60细胞株由中国科学院上海生物细胞研究所提供。将欲冷冻保存的HL60细胞调整到良好的生长状态(对数生长期),随机数字表法分成4组,离心收集后在含体积分数为0.1小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基中分别加入二甲基亚砜,使其终浓度依次为50,100,150,200g/L。冻存15d后,每组取1支冻存管复苏并接种于细胞培养板,培养12h后用锥虫蓝拒染法计算细胞复苏率。②选择冻存条件和冻存细胞密度相同的两支冻存管,按不同方法进行HL60细胞复苏。37℃水浴传统复苏法:立即将冻存管置于37℃水浴中,待融化后800r/min离心5min,吸去上清液,加入含体积分数为0.1小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基,混匀后接种于细胞培养板,1mL/孔,9孔/组,置于体积分数为0.05的CO2培养箱37℃继续培养。40℃溶解后再37℃恒温改良复苏法:将冻存细胞于40℃水浴中迅速溶解,转入37℃水浴箱,融化后离心、加培养基等操作同传统复苏法。复苏细胞培养12h后采用锥虫蓝染色计算细胞存活率。③用无血清RPMI-1640培养基制备HL60细胞悬液,按3×107L-1密度接种于细胞培养板中,1mL/孔,然后分别加入体积分数为0.05,0.1,0.12,0.15,0.2的灭活小牛血清,每种血清浓度设置8个试验孔,并分别于培养12,24,36,48,60,72,84,96h后计数每孔细胞数量,并绘制细胞生长曲线。结果:①不同浓度二甲基亚砜冻存后HL60细胞复苏率的比较:二甲基亚砜200g/L组的细胞复苏率明显低于二甲基亚砜50,100,150g/L组[(64.6±2.8)%,(87.0±1.4)%,(86.4±2.1)%,(85.7±2.8)%;t=25.44,P<0.01],二甲基亚砜50,100,150g/L组间差异无显著性意义(t=0.82～1.44,P>0.05)。②不同复苏方法HL60细胞存活率的比较:与37℃水浴传统复苏法比较,40℃溶解后再37℃恒温改良复苏法的细胞存活率显著升高[(69.5±1.5)%,(87.4±1.8)%,t=23.24,P<0.01]。③RPMI-1640培养基不同血清含量对HL60细胞生长情况的影响:在体积分数为0.05的血清含量培养基中,HL60细胞基本不生长,且有逐渐死亡的趋势;在体积分数为0.1的血清含量培养基中,HL60细胞生长趋势明显,但生长速度相对较慢;在体积分数为0.12,0.15,0.2的血清含量培养基中,HL60细胞生长迅速,3种血清浓度间细胞生长趋势无明显差异。结论:以50g/L二甲基亚砜作为HL60细胞冻存保护剂、联合40℃溶解后再37℃恒温改良复苏法可使细胞保持最佳生物学特性,体积分数为0.12的血清含量为HL60细胞常规培养的最适浓度。