Computer-assisted medication review for asthmatic patients as a basis for intervention Constructing and validating an algorithmic computer instrument in pharmacy practice

OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a computer instrument that identifies asthma patients receiving--theoretically--suboptimal drug therapy in community pharmacies, by the use of patient medication records. This selection enables the pharmacist to assist these patients in using medicines appropriately. METHODS: According to Dutch asthma guidelines which describe a stepwise approach and in order to define correct profiles for the use at each level of these guidelines, the optimum use of drugs in the different levels in asthma treatment was expressed in defined daily doses (DDDs) per pharmacological drug-group during a period of one year. An algorithmic computer instrument was developed to select patients with medication use deviant from these profiles. By using nine different selection profiles, the computer instrument stratified patients according to the medication records filed in the pharmacy computer. Patient medication records in four community pharmacies were investigated to validate the selection profiles as indicators for theoretically suboptimal drug use by asthma patients. The validation was performed by comparing the professional judgement of participating pharmacists with the selections made by the computer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the selection made by algorithmic computer instrument. Rate of false-positive results. RESULTS: The computer instrument identified asthma patients using theoretically suboptimal drug therapy with approximately 95% predictive value compared with the professional judgement of the pharmacists. The rate of false-positive results was 5%. CONCLUSION: The results of the algorithmic computer instrument and the professional judgement of the pharmacists are in close agreement. The instrument will be utilised in further research in the IPMP study (Interventions on the principle of Pulmonary Medication Profiles) investigating the role of Dutch community pharmacists in counselling patients who are at risk of suboptimal drug use in the treatment of their asthma.     

19株甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的同源性分析

随着β-内酰胺类抗生素广泛的应用,甲氧西林耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)在临床分离的葡萄球菌中比例不断增加,为了控制MRSA感染,我们对2002年1-10月临床分离的MRSA菌株,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术作同源性分析。 1.材料与方法:     

VEC方案联合激光治疗RB眼内期患儿的效果与安全性

目的：评价VEC方案联合激光治疗不同年龄视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)眼内期患儿的效果与安全性。

方法：选择我院2016-01/2018-03 RB眼内期患儿63例作为研究对象,根据年龄分为≤1岁组23例36眼,>1岁组40例66眼,均给予VEC方案联合激光治疗,参照国际抗癌联盟制定的疗效标准评价疗效。治疗前、6个疗程结束后采用间接检眼镜与超声下测量肿瘤及肿瘤基底厚度与直径,记录治疗期间毒副反应。

结果：≤1岁组缓解率为75.0%,>1岁组缓解率为92.4%(P<0.05)。≤1岁组进展5眼,>1岁组进展1眼均行眼球摘除,其余患眼治疗后肿瘤厚度与基底直径明显小于治疗前(P<0.05)。>1岁组治疗后肿瘤厚度与基底直径均比≤1岁组小(P<0.05)。两组患儿均有轻度恶心呕吐等消化道症状及脱发,≤1岁组各有1例轻度骨髓抑制和肝功能损害,>1岁组有2例轻度骨髓抑制,1例轻度肝功能损害。

结论：VEC方案联合激光治疗RB眼内期患儿安全可行,>1岁患儿疗效优于≤1岁患儿。     

有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入与FS-LASIK术后视觉质量分析

目的：比较有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体(ICL)植入与FS-LASIK术治疗中高度近视术后的视觉质量。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2018-06/12分别行ICL植入术和FS-LASIK术的近视患者58例116眼(ICL组)和48例96眼(FS-LASIK组)。分析比较两组患者手术前后屈光度、视力和视觉质量情况。

结果：术后3mo,ICL组患者球镜度数高于FS-LASIK组(0.19±0.22D vs 0.09±0.29D,P<0.05),但两组患者视力、柱镜度数和等效球镜度数无差异(均P>0.05); ICL组患者调制传递函数截止频率(MTF cut off)、客观散射指数(OSI)和OV9%均明显优于FS-LASIK组,而SR较FS-LASIK组降低,且与术前相比,ICL组患者MTF cut off明显增高,SR、OSI值降低,FS-LASIK组患者SR值降低(均P<0.05)。

结论：ICL植入和FS-LASIK术均可有效改善患者视力和屈光度,对于中高度近视患者ICL植入术可提供相对较好的视觉质量。     

ICL植入术后黄斑区节细胞-内丛状层及视网膜厚度的变化

目的：应用OCT观察ICL植入术后黄斑区节细胞-内丛状层及中央区视网膜厚度的改变,明确ICL植入术对于眼后节的影响。

方法：前瞻性研究。最终纳入行ICL植入术患者26例41眼,平均年龄28.19±6.48岁。所有受试者均行眼轴长度(AL)、裸眼视力(UCVA)、综合验光、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压(IOP)及OCT检查。观察术前及术后的中央区视网膜厚度(CRT)和节细胞-内丛状层厚度(GCT),以及UCVA、BCVA和IOP的变化。

结果： ICL植入术后UCVA和BCVA较术前均有提高(P<0.05),而眼压无变化。术前,术后1wk,1、3mo CRT分别为273.20±25.48、274.07±27.64、277.85±25.49、275.99±24.68μm,而GCT分别为85.31±5.19、88.95±6.87、87.73±4.23、87.45±4.59μm(均P<0.05),其中CRT在术后1mo较术前有增加(P<0.01),GCT在术后1wk,1、3mo均比术前有增加(P<0.05)。GCT在术后1wk的变化与AL呈正相关(r_s=0.529, P=0.001)。

结论：ICL植入术具有良好的有效性及一定的安全性,但术后也会发生一定的黄斑区改变,需给予一定的重视。     

带状疱疹病毒性角膜炎合并青光眼及面神经麻痹一例

患者,男,70 岁,因“左眼疼痛伴视力下降1 周”,于2016年5月15日来我院就诊。患者2016年5月8日在无明显诱因下出现左眼疼痛,左侧头部疼痛,伴视力下降,于昆明某医院就诊,诊断为“左眼青光眼？”,2016年5月13日前出现左侧额部及眼睑周围皮肤带状疱疹。后患者于2016 年5 月15 日为求进一步诊治来我院,门诊以“左眼带状疱疹性角膜炎,左侧颜面部带状疱疹”收住入院。既往史：否认眼部疾病及眼部外伤史;患2 型糖尿病7 年,使用门冬30R胰岛素皮下注射,平日血糖控制情况好;无高血压及心脏病病史;无家族遗传性疾病史;否认食物、药物过敏史;否认外伤史及手术史等。眼科检查：右眼视力0.6,左眼视力0.4,右眼结膜无充血,角膜透明,角膜后沉着物（Keratic precipitates,KP）（ -）,前房中深,前房闪辉（-）,瞳孔圆,直径约3 mm,光反射灵敏,晶状体轻度混浊,眼底见视盘色正界清,后极部视网膜平伏,动脉细,未见明显出血及渗出,黄斑区（-）;左眼眼睑肿胀,睁眼困难,左侧额部及眼睑皮肤即三叉神经第1 支分布区域的皮肤可见数十个水泡,已破溃结痂,未越过颜面中线,结膜充血、水肿,角膜鼻上方可见一大小约2 mm×3 mm浸润灶,角膜基质层水肿,内皮细胞层皱褶,KP（-）,前方中深,房水混浊,瞳孔圆,直径约3 mm,光反射可,晶状体轻度混浊,眼底窥不清。右眼眼压（IOP）12 mmHg（1mmHg=0.133 kPa）,左眼IOP 45 mmHg。球结膜充血水肿,鼻上方角膜可见浸润灶,KP（+）,前房闪辉（+）,见图1。角膜荧光染色结果见图2。辅助检查：头颅CT未见异常;胸片、心电图、血常规、生化、大小便、免疫检查未见明显异常。超声生物显微镜（UBM）示：左眼前房浅,房角窄。光学相干断层成像（OCT）示：右眼角膜厚度587 μm,左眼角膜厚度613 μm。黄斑区OCT示：双眼黄斑区结构基本正常。     

Association between interleukin-10 genetic polymorphisms and risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study

AIM: To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) genetic polymorphisms and risk of POAG through a case-control study in a Han population of China. METHODS: A total of 210 patients with POAG and 420 normal subjects were recruited during the period from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2016. The IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871) and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms were determined using iPlex GOLD SNP genotyping analysis (the SequenomMassARRAY® System, Sequenom, San Diego, USA). The association between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871), and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms and risk of POAG was assessed by singlelogistic regression analysis. RESULTS: We observed that those carrying the CC genotype of rs1800871 was associated with an increased risk of POAG when compared with those harboring the TT genotype (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.01-3.38). Those with AA genotype of rs1800872 had a 10.62 fold risk of POAG in comparison to the CC genotype (OR=10.62, 95%CI, 3.41-33.09). A completely linkage disequilibrium was found between IL-10 rs1800871-rs1800872 (D’=1.00, r2=0.16). The A-C-A (OR=2.60, 95%CI, 1.48-4.58) and G-T-A (OR=2.34, 95%CI, 1.42-3.86) haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of POAG, while the A-T-C haplotype showed a decreased risk of POAG (OR=0.63, 95%CI, 0.49-0.81). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that IL-10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 can be predictive factors for the pathogenesis of POAG in the Chinese population.     

Alpha角对多焦点人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量影响

研究不同Alpha角对多焦点人工晶状体（MIOL）植入术后视觉质量的影响,指导功能性IOL的应用。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选取2016年12至2018年10月就诊于潍坊眼科医院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合MIOL植入术患者56例（74眼）,根据Alpha角大小（角膜上视轴与光轴的距离α）分为3组： A组12眼（0 mm<α≤0.2 mm）,B组38眼（0.2 mm<α≤0.4 mm）,C组24眼（α>0.4 mm）。术后随访3个月,记录裸眼远、中、近视力以及调制传递函数、眩光、光晕等情况。数据采用卡方检验、方差分析进行统计。结果：B组和C组光晕和眩光发生率高于A组,差异有统计学意义（χ2 =38.372,P=0.01）; 3组间术后3个月远、中、近视力比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;3组间MTF值在0～30 c/d范围差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;夜间远视、重影、混合焦点、星芒的发生率差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。结论：当Alpha角大于0.4 mm时,植入MIOL会增加眩光和光晕的发生,所以Alpha角>0.4 需谨慎考虑使用MIOL。