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81.
Ali Akal Turgay Ulas Tugba Goncu Muhammet Emin Guldur Sezen Kocarslan Abdullah Taskin 《Cutaneous and ocular toxicology》2015,34(2):139-143
Objective: In this experimental study, we investigated the possible effects of intracameral moxifloxacin on oxidative stress parameters and endothelial cell morphology in corneal tissue.Methods: In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats: the sham group (Group 1, n?=?10); the control group (Group 2), where balanced salt solution (BSS) was administered at a dose of 0.01?cc (n?=?10); and the treatment group (Group 3), where moxifloxacin was administered at a dose of 0.05?mg/0.01?cc (n?=?10). Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood samples were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Also, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated with caspase-3 and caspase-8 staining. Apoptotic activity was also evaluated.Results: In blood samples, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not statistically significantly different (all p?>?0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, TOS and OSI levels in cornea tissue were significantly different in the moxifloxacin group (all p?0.05). However, compared with the control group, no statistically significant difference was found in the sham group (all p?>?0.05). Compared with the sham and control groups, apoptotic activity was higher in the moxifloxacin group, in both immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8.Conclusions: Intracameral moxifloxacin injection seems to be safe systemically, but it may have toxic effects on corneal tissues, as suggested by oxidative stress parameters and a histopathological evaluation. 相似文献
82.
F Jamal S Pit I Isahak N Abdullah Z Zainal R Abdullah J Henrichsen 《The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health》1987,18(1):79-84
A total of 90 cases of pneumococcal infections were identified at a major referral hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during a study period of four years. Pneumonia was the most common clinical presentation (41 cases) followed by meningitis (19 cases). Of 48 patients who were followed-up during the microbiology consultation round, 11 died, 9 were children below two years old. Capsular typing was carried out on 57 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood and body fluids of 43 children and 14 adults. 38 strains isolated from pharyngeal specimens were also typed. Types 6A (11 strains), 6B (7 strains), 14 (8 strains) and 19A (8 strains) predominated in children. The strains from older patients comprised 3 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (types 18B, 6B and 14), five from blood (4 strains, type 1 and 1 strain, type 4) and six from pus (1 strain, type 14, 3 strains type 23F and 2 strains type 34). The isolates from pharyngeal specimens belonged to capsular type similar to those implicated in infections. 90% of the types reported in this study are included in the 23 valent pneumococcal vaccines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol and rifampicin were determined for selected strains. 4.1% of isolates were resistant to penicillin (3/74), 4.5% to cefuroxime (2/44), 6.5% to chloramphenicol (3/46) and 14.6% to rifampicin (6/41). 相似文献
83.
Ahmed A. Alkhazi Khalid M. Alessa Ahmed M. Almutairi Hamad A. Almadi Abdullah Akkam Mohammed K. Almutairi Omar A. Alhamad Hadeel S. Ghazal 《International journal of emergency medicine》2018,11(1):49
Introduction
Pharyngitis is one of the major and commonly seen presentations in pediatric emergency departments. While it could be caused by both bacterial and viral pathogens, antibiotics are improperly prescribed regardless of the pathogen. Inappropriate usage of antibiotics has risen the concern of microbial resistance and the need for stricter guidelines. Many guidelines have been validated for this reason, and the Centor score (Modified/McIsaac) is most commonly implemented. This study aims to assess the adherence and enumerate the reasons behind the suboptimal adherence to guidelines (Centor/McIsaac score) of pediatric emergency department physicians in the diagnosis and management of GABHS pharyngitis to lay the groundwork for future actions and to employ educational programs and implement local guidelines for the prevention of the development of multi-drug resistant microorganisms.Methodology
We surveyed pediatric emergency department physicians of ten teaching hospitals of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We used convenient sampling and estimated a sample size of 170 physicians, and interns and medical centers without pediatric emergency department were excluded from the study. Elements of the Centor score (Modified/McIsaac) were used as a part of the assessment of physicians’ knowledge of the guidelines. Adherence was assessed by requiring the participants to answer questions regarding their usage of diagnostic means when they suspect a bacterial cause of pharyngitis, as recommended by the guidelines.Results
A total of 243 physicians answered the questionnaire, 43 consultants (17.6%) and 200 non-consultants (82.4%). On the knowledge score, 9.1% scored 0, and the majority of both groups, 46.5%, earned a score of 1. The remainder 44.4%, earned a score of 2. Adherence to guidelines was defined as when diagnostic tests (throat culture or rapid antigen detection test) were always requested prior to prescribing antibiotics when acute bacterial pharyngitis was suspected. Only 27.3% (n?=?67) of our sample are adherent to guidelines, whereas the majority, 72.7% (n?=?175), are non-adherent. Several factors were assessed as reasons for lack of adherence.Conclusion
Lack of knowledge and adherence to guidelines is prevalent in our setting, with awareness, knowledge, and behavior of physicians playing as major factors behind this low adherence. Studies should aim towards the assessment of adherence towards locally developed guidelines.84.
Hewaratne D.W.T. Damayanthi Foong-Ming Moy Kathijah L. Abdullah Samath D. Dharmaratne 《Asian nursing research.》2018,12(3):231-236
Purpose
Low muscle strength is central to geriatric physical disabilities and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to examine handgrip strength (HGS) and its associated factors among community-dwelling older people in Sri Lanka.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Kandy district using multistage sampling. A total of 999 older people were recruited, with a female preponderance. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires on demographic characteristics, depression, and physical activity. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and HGS were recorded. Complex sample general linear model was used to examine the association between HGS and its associated factors.Results
The mean highest HGS of the study group was 12.56 kg (95% confidence interval: 11.94–13.19). Male older people had a higher HGS (17.02, 95% confidence interval: 15.55–18.49 kg) than females (10.59, 95% confidence interval: 10.12–11.06 kg). For both men and women, older age was associated with lower HGS, while mid-upper arm circumference was associated with better HGS. Diabetes mellitus, vegetarian diet, and alcohol consumption were associated with HGS for women only.Conclusion
Men had a higher HGS compared with women. Age, mid-upper arm circumference, diabetes mellitus, vegetarian diet, and alcohol consumption were factors associated with HGS among community-dwelling older people in Kandy district, Sri Lanka. HGS can be used as a feasible strategy to improve health status of older people by community health nurses. 相似文献85.
Emre Tekgündüz Mehmet Yılmaz Mehmet Ali Erkurt Ilhami Kiki Ali Hakan Kaya Leylagul Kaynar Inci Alacacioglu Guven Cetin Ibrahim Ozarslan Irfan Kuku Gulden Sincan Ozan Salim Sinem Namdaroglu Abdullah Karakus Volkan Karakus Fevzi Altuntas Ismail Sari Gulsum Ozet Fatih Demirkan 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2018,57(1):27-30
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are rare, but life-threatening disorders characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (MAHAT) associated with multiorgan dysfunction as a result of microvascular thrombosis and tissue ischemia. The differentiation of the etiology is of utmost importance as the pathophysiological basis will dictate the choice of appropriate treatment.We retrospectively evaluated 154 (99 females and 55 males) patients who received therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) due to a presumptive diagnosis of TMA, who had serum ADAMTS13 activity/anti-ADAMTS13 antibody analysis at the time of hospital admission. The median age of the study cohort was 36 (14-84). 67 (43.5%), 32 (20.8%), 27 (17.5%) and 28 (18.2%) patients were diagnosed as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), infection/complement-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (IA/CA-HUS), secondary TMA and TMA-not otherwise specified (TMA-NOS), respectively. Patients received a median of 18 (175) plasma volume exchanges for 14 (153) days. 81 (52.6%) patients received concomitant steroid therapy with TPE. Treatment responses could be evaluated in 137 patients. 90 patients (65.7%) achieved clinical remission following TPE, while 47 (34.3%) patients had non-responsive disease. 25 (18.2%) non-responsive patients died during follow-up. Our study present real-life data on the distribution and follow-up of patients with TMAs who were referred to therapeutic apheresis centers for the application of TPE. 相似文献
86.
Syed S Hasan Alexandra M Clavarino Abdullah A Mamun Therese Kairuz 《The Australasian medical journal》2015,8(6):179-188
Background
Once a disease of developed countries, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become widespread worldwide. For people with T2DM, achievement of therapeutic outcomes demands the rational and quality use of medicine.Aims
The primary aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of diabetes and prescribing patterns of anti-diabetic medications in Australia and Malaysia.Methods
The most recent, publicly available, statistical reports (2004–2008) on the use of medicines published in Australia and in Malaysia were evaluated. Defined daily doses (DDDs/1,000 population/day) were derived from the reports and used to rank and compare individual drug use.Results
There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia, although there is a greater predicted increase in prevalence for Malaysia. While drugs used for the treatment of diabetes were not the most highly used drugs in Australia, their use increased during the study period, from 42.64 to 48.61 DDD/1,000/day. Anti-diabetic drugs were the most frequently dispensed class of drugs in Malaysia. Although the total consumption of anti-diabetic drugs in Malaysia decreased between 2006 and 2007 (from 40.30 to 39.72), this was followed by a marked increase to 46.69 in 2008. There was a marked reduction in the dispensing of insulin in Malaysia from 2004 to 2007 (7.77 to 3.23).Conclusion
The use of drugs to treat diabetes does not reflect the usage patterns found in Australia. Effective drug use reviews are required to ensure impartial access in middle- and low-income countries. 相似文献87.
Maziar?Moradi-Lakeh Charbel?El Bcheraoui Marwa?Tuffaha Farah?Daoud Mohammad?Al Saeedi Mohammed?Basulaiman Ziad?A.?Memish Mohammad?A.?AlMazroa Abdullah?A.?Al Rabeeah Ali?H.?MokdadEmail author 《Journal of community health》2015,40(5):920-926
Self-rated health reflects a person’s integrated perception of health, including its biological, psychological, and social dimensions. It is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. To assess the current status of self-rated health and associated factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, we analyzed data from the Saudi Health Interview Survey. We conducted a large national survey of adults aged 15 years or older. A total of 10,735 participants completed a standardized health questionnaire. Respondents rated their health with a five-point scale. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health-related habits and behaviors, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Associated factors of self-rated health were analyzed using a backward elimination multivariate logistic regression model. More than 77 % of respondents rated their health as excellent/very good. Female sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.52, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.88], decades of age (OR 1.35, 95 % CI 1.25–1.46), diagnosed diabetes mellitus (OR 1.54, 95 % CI 1.22–1.93), diagnosed hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.06–1.79), diagnosed hypertension (OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.22–1.96), number of other diagnosed chronic diseases (OR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.41–2.03), limited vigorous activity (OR 3.59, 95 % CI 2.84–4.53), need for special equipment (OR 2.62, 95 % CI 1.96–3.51), and more than 3 h of daily television/computer screen time (OR 1.59, 95 % CI1.11–2.29) were positively associated with poor/fair health. Smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity were not associated with self-reported health. We found that preventable risk factors are not associated with Saudis’ self-rated health. This optimistic perception of health poses a challenge for preventive interventions in the Kingdom and calls for campaigns to educate the public about the harm of unhealthy behaviors. 相似文献
88.
Syed Ali Arsalan Naqvi Nasreen Badruddin Munsif Ali Jatoi Aamir Saeed Malik Wan Hazabbah Baharudin Abdullah 《Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine》2015,38(4):721-729
89.
Stuart Rennie Brian Perry Amy Corneli Abdullah Chilungo Eric Umar 《Global public health》2015,10(5-6):679-691
Three randomised controlled trials in Africa indicated that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is an effective method to reduce a man's risk of becoming infected through sex with an HIV-positive female partner. The success of recent public health initiatives to increase numbers of circumcised men in Malawi has been very limited. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with men, women and male adolescents from non-circumcising and circumcising communities in southern Malawi to better understand their beliefs about male circumcision and the promotion of VMMC for HIV prevention. Results revealed that beliefs about male circumcision, in general, are strongly mediated by Malawian culture and history. Participants have attempted to develop a new meaning for circumcision in light of the threat of HIV infection and the publicised risk reduction benefits of VMMC. Several study participants found it difficult to distinguish VMMC from traditional circumcision practices (jando and lupanda), despite awareness that the new form of circumcision was an expression of (western) modern medicine performed largely for public health purposes. Greater recognition of background cultural beliefs and practices could inform future efforts to promote medical male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy in this context. 相似文献
90.
Abdullah Ozkaya Cengiz Alagoz Alperen Koc Hande Mefkure Ozkaya Ahmet Taylan Yaz?c? 《Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology》2015,29(2):165-168
The aim of this study is to report clinical and imaging findings, and treatment outcomes of a patient with nodular posterior scleritis. A 41-year-old woman was diagnosed as nodular posterior scleritis in the light of clinical and imaging findings. At first admission best corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in her right eye. Fundus examination revealed an amelanotic subretinal mass under the superior temporal arcade associated with subretinal fluid surrounding it. B-scan ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography findings confirmed the diagnosis. As treatment, nepafenac eye drops 3 times a day, and flurbiprofen tablet 100 mg twice a day were prescribed. After 4 weeks of treatment, the ocular pain was relieved, BCVA improved to 20/20, and subretinal mass totally regressed. Although the diagnosis of nodular posterior scleritis may be confusing, it has to be kept in mind in patients with a subretinal/choroidal mass. Multimodal fundus imaging may be helpful in differential diagnosis. The condition is usually curable with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or systemic steroids. 相似文献