一维二阶椭圆型方程组的超收敛二次有限体积元方法

本文针对二阶椭圆型常微分方程组边值问题提出二次超收敛有限体积元方法,证明格式的H1和L2模误差估计,并给出应力佳点处的梯度超收敛估计.最后,编写计算格式的Fortran程序,用数值算例验证了理论分析的正确性和格式的有效性.     

Inhibitory effect of medicinal plant-derived carboxylic acids on the human transporters hOAT1, hOAT3, hOATP1B1, and hOATP2B1简

A significant number of organic carboxylic acids have been shown to influence the absorption and distribution of drugs mediated by organic anion transporters （OATs）. In this study, uptake experiments were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin on bOAT1, hOAT3, hOATP 1B l, and hOATP2B 1. After a drug-drug interaction （DDI） investigation, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin were found and validated to inhibit hOAT1 in a competitive manner, and deoxycholic acid was found to be an inhibitor of all four transporters. The apparent 50% inhibitory concentrations of cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, deoxycholic acid, and cynarin were estimated to be 133.87, 3.69, 90.03 and 6.03 μmol·L ^-1 for hOAT1, respectively. The apparent 50% inhibitory concentrations of deoxycholic acid were estimated to be 9.57μmol·L ^-1 for hOAT3, 70.54 μmol·L ^-1 for hOATP1B1, and 168.27μmol·L ^-1 for hOATP2B1. Because cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and cynarin are ingredients of food or food additives, the present study suggests there are new food-drug interactions to be disclosed. In addition, deoxycholic acid may be used as a probe for studying the correlation of OATs and OATPs.     

氨气中毒致急性肝损害1例

患者,男,48岁,2004年6月于当地医院行全面体检(包括肝功、肝炎标志物、腹部彩超),未见异常.2004年10月9日下午,因工厂氨气泄漏,于现场指挥抢险,以湿毛巾掩鼻,接触氨气2 h后,出现右上腹不适,继而出现眼黄,尿黄.     

基于网络药理学及实验验证探讨罗布麻叶-钩藤药对治疗高血压病的作用机制

目的：利用网络药理学及实验验证的方法探讨罗布麻叶-钩藤药对治疗高血压病的作用机制。方法：使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）数据库,筛选罗布麻叶-钩藤主要化学成分和作用靶点,高血压病疾病靶点通过GeneCards、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库（OMIM）查询,将罗布麻叶-钩藤的作用靶点与疾病靶点交集得到罗布麻叶-钩藤药对治疗高血压病的共同靶点,将共同靶点导入STRING数据库构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络。将共同靶点导入DAVID在线数据库进行基因本体（GO）与京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析,使用AutoDock和PyMOL进行分子对接和可视化。采用两肾一夹法建立高血压病大鼠模型,治疗组大鼠给予罗布麻叶-钩藤药液连续灌胃2周,模型组与空白组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液连续灌胃2周。比较3组收缩压（SBP）、胸主动脉病理结构及炎症指标水平。结果：筛选后得出罗布麻叶的活性成分6个,钩藤的活性成分33个,罗布麻叶-钩藤药对治疗高血压病的靶点152个,包括肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、IL-8、IL-4、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-...     

灯盏花素与654-2合用治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效观察

目的 观察灯盏花素与654-2合用治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法 选择2型糖尿病并伴有不同程度神经病变临床症状患者133例,随机分为2组。在常规应用口服降糖药物或胰岛素的治疗基础上,治疗组67例加用灯盏花素100mg、654-210mg,各加入0．9％氯化钠注射液250ml中静脉滴注,每日1次;对照组66例给予维生素B．100mg、维生素B12500μg每日2次肌肉注。疗程为14日。结果 治疗组总有效率80％,血液流变学明显好转,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 灯盏花素与654-2合用治疗糖尿病周围神经病变是一种有效的方法。     

儿童感染性眼病的细菌培养分析

目的 了解儿童感染性眼病的病原及耐药性特征。方法 取500例儿童眼分泌物标本进行细菌学培养、鉴定和耐药分析。结果 阳性标本347例,阳性率69．4％,其中革兰阳性菌245例占70．6％,革兰阴性菌87例占25．0％,真菌15例占4．4％。所有菌株对红霉素耐药性最高达80．8％,对喹诺酮类抗生素敏感性最高为92．0％～94_8％。结论 对于儿童感染性眼病应首先在滴药前做早期细菌培养和耐药分析,选用合适抗生素以防止耐药菌株的增加。     

Telavancin in Therapy of Experimental Aortic Valve Endocarditis in Rabbits Due to Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A number of cases of both methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains that have developed daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) have been reported. Telavancin (TLV) is a lipoglycopeptide agent with a dual mechanism of activity (cell wall synthesis inhibition plus depolarization of the bacterial cell membrane). Five recent daptomycin-susceptible (DAP-S)/DAP-R MRSA isogenic strain pairs were evaluated for in vitro TLV susceptibility. All five DAP-R strains (DAP MICs ranging from 2 to 4 μg/ml) were susceptible to TLV (MICs of ≤0.38 μg/ml). In vitro time-kill analyses also revealed that several TLV concentrations (1-, 2-, and 4-fold MICs) caused rapid killing against the DAP-R strains. Moreover, for 3 of 5 DAP-R strains (REF2145, A215, and B_2.0), supra-MICs of TLV were effective at preventing regrowth at 24 h of incubation. Further, the combination of TLV plus oxacillin (at 0.25× or 0.50× MIC for each agent) increased killing of DAP-R MRSA strains REF2145 and A215 at 24 h (∼2-log and 5-log reductions versus TLV and oxacillin alone, respectively). Finally, using a rabbit model of aortic valve endocarditis caused by DAP-R strain REF2145, TLV therapy produced a mean reduction of >4.5 log₁₀ CFU/g in vegetations, kidneys, and spleen compared to untreated or DAP-treated rabbits. Moreover, TLV-treated rabbits had a significantly higher percentage of sterile tissue cultures (87% in vegetations and 100% in kidney and spleen) than all other treatment groups (P < 0.0001). Together, these results demonstrate that TLV has potent bactericidal activity in vitro and in vivo against DAP-R MRSA isolates.     

Radiological manifestations of metastasis to the ovary

MRI is an effective tool for detection of ovarian neoplastic lesions. However, there are no highly specific radiological features that differentiate primary from metastatic ovarian masses. Histological diagnosis preoperatively is not always possible as there is a risk of disseminating an otherwise early stage primary ovarian cancer. The preoperative diagnosis of an ovarian lesion is therefore heavily dependent on the radiological features. The radiologist must rely on a combination of knowing the natural history of any known primary cancer, together with the radiological features such as bilaterality, mucinous appearance, pseudomyxoma as well as the clinical progress of the primary tumour in order to evaluate and predict the likelihood of metastatic disease. Even if a non-ovarian primary cancer is known, an ovarian mass cannot always be assumed to be a secondary lesion. Some tumours, such as BRAC-positive breast cancer, are known to have a high rate of concomitant primary ovarian cancer. Conversely, other tumours, such as gastric and appendiceal cancer, are known to have a high rate of ovarian metastatic disease. However, histology remains the only true way to determine an ovarian metastasis from a primary lesion.     

Organ-specific testosterone-insensitive response of miRNA expression of C57BL/6 mice to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria

Increasing evidence critically implicates miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases, but little is known in context with infectious diseases. This study investigates as to whether the testosterone-induced persistent susceptibility to blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi coincides with changes in miRNA expression of the anti-malaria effectors sites spleen and liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or testosterone (T) for 3?weeks. Then, T treatment was discontinued for 12?weeks before challenge with 10(6) P. chabaudi-parasitized erythrocytes. The miRNA expression was examined after 12?weeks of T withdrawal and during infections at peak parasitemia on day?8 p.i. using miRXplore? microarray technology. P. chabaudi infections induce an organ-specific response of miRNA expression. We can identify 25 miRNA species to be downregulated by more than 2-fold in the spleen and 169 miRNA species in the liver. Among these 194 miRNA species, there are 12 common miRNA species that are downregulated by 0.48-0.14-fold in both spleen and liver, which are miR-194, miR-192, miR-193A-3P, miR-145, miR-16, miR-99A, miR-99B, miR-15A, miR-152, let-7G, let-7B, and miR-455-3P. Only in the liver, there is an upregulation of the miR-142-5p by 2.5-fold and miR-342-3p by 5.1-fold. After 12?weeks of T withdrawal, the spleen exhibits only the miR-200A that is upregulated by 2.7-fold. In the liver, miR-376B, miR-493*, and miR-188-3P are upregulated by 2.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.1-fold, respectively, and miR-347, miR-200A, and miR-200B are downregulated by approximately 0.4-fold. Upon infection, however, these changes are not sustained, i.e., the miRNA expressions of both spleen and liver of T-pretreated mice exhibit the same response to P. chabaudi malaria as that of vehicle-treated control mice. Our data suggest (1) that the P. chabaudi-induced downregulation of miRNA expression in spleen and liver is required to allow the upregulation of their numerous target genes in response to infection, and (2) that the T-induced persistent susceptibility to P. chabaudi does not affect the responsiveness of miRNA expression in spleen and liver to blood-stage malaria.