温氧合血连灌与冷晶体液间灌心肌线粒体量化计分及形态改变的对比研究

目的：对温血连续灌注与冷晶体液间断灌注下心肌线粒体结构及量化计分进行了对比研究。方法：病人分两组（每组７例），主动脉阻断６０分钟后及再灌注２０分钟各取２ｍｍ直径心室壁肌肉置入４℃２．５％戊二醛液中固定２小时。在Ｈ６００型电镜下选择５个视野、每视野随机观察２０个线粒体。依受损程度分为０～４级（０级为正常结构，４级受损程度最重），将１００个线粒体按级得分总和除以１００即为该组得分数。结果：阻断６０分钟线粒体量化计分冷晶组为２．５１４３±０．２８６３，温血组计分为１．５４８６±０．０９１５（Ｐ＜０．００１）。再灌注２０分钟后冷晶组记分为３．０１４３±０．１７９２，温血组记分为１．６８２９±０．１５８１（Ｐ＜０．０１）。阻断６０分钟再灌２０分钟电镜下冷晶组线粒体嵴断裂、溶解、基质颗粒丢失明显、内外膜完整性消失；温血组线粒体嵴无断裂、外膜完整、基质颗粒略少。结论：电镜下线粒体超微结构及量化计分证明温血组心肌保护作用明显优于冷晶组。     

Comparison of the effects of pilocarpine and cevimeline on salivary flow

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of low‐dose pilocarpine and cevimeline as stimulants for salivary flow in healthy subjects. Methods: In this cross‐over clinical trial with a 1‐week washout period, 40 male volunteers were submitted to an oral dose of pilocarpine 1% (Salagen?) ?60 μg kg^?1 body‐weight (Group 1) or Cevimeline (Evoxac?) ?30 mg (Group 2). Saliva samples were collected and the salivary flow rate was measured (ml min^?1) at baseline and 20, 40, 60, 80, 140 and 200 min after administration of drugs. In addition, salivary secretion was also measured under mechanical stimulation to observe salivary gland function. Results: The data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (significance level = 5%). Pilocarpine and cevimeline significantly increased salivary flow 140 min after intake. There was a significant higher secretion with cevimeline 140 and 200 min after administration. There were no differences seen among subjects in the salivary glands function by mechanical stimulation. Conclusion: Both drugs showed efficacy in increasing the salivary flow in healthy volunteers, but cevimeline was more effective than pilocarpine.     

胃食管反流病患者与正常人牙周健康状况对比性研究

目的探讨胃食反流管病（GERD）患者牙周疾病的发生情况,以及GERD与牙周炎之间的关系。方法2008年7月-2009年6月对360例GERD患者,396名正常人进行牙周健康状况和全身一般情况检查,牙周检查以社区牙周指数（CPI）和附着丧失（AL）作为诊断标准。结果GERD患者牙周炎患病率及严重程度、牙列缺损率及缺牙数目均高于正常人,GERD患者无牙颌比例高于正常人。结论长期患GERD可能是牙周病的危险因素。     

The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity

Objective

To analyse preterm birth rates worldwide to assess the incidence of this public health problem, map the regional distribution of preterm births and gain insight into existing assessment strategies.

Methods

Data on preterm birth rates worldwide were extracted during a previous systematic review of published and unpublished data on maternal mortality and morbidity reported between 1997 and 2002. Those data were supplemented through a complementary search covering the period 2003–2007. Region-specific multiple regression models were used to estimate the preterm birth rates for countries with no data.

Findings

We estimated that in 2005, 12.9 million births, or 9.6% of all births worldwide, were preterm. Approximately 11 million (85%) of these preterm births were concentrated in Africa and Asia, while about 0.5 million occurred in each of Europe and North America (excluding Mexico) and 0.9 million in Latin America and the Caribbean. The highest rates of preterm birth were in Africa and North America (11.9% and 10.6% of all births, respectively), and the lowest were in Europe (6.2%).

Conclusion

Preterm birth is an important perinatal health problem across the globe. Developing countries, especially those in Africa and southern Asia, incur the highest burden in terms of absolute numbers, although a high rate is also observed in North America. A better understanding of the causes of preterm birth and improved estimates of the incidence of preterm birth at the country level are needed to improve access to effective obstetric and neonatal care.     

多媒体训练软件在聋童言语康复训练中的实践研究

目的考察多媒体训练软件对聋童言语康复训练的作用。方法根据前测结果将实验对象分为实验组和对照组，实验组使用多媒体训练软件配合教学，对照组采用传统的教学方法。教学结束后，对两组进行相同的测试，对比其发音的准确性。结果实验组成绩显著高于对照组。结论多媒体训练软件有助于提高聋童发音的准确性，多媒体教学方式是聋儿康复教学的有效手段。     

Infected bilomas and hepatic artery thrombosis in infant recipients of liver transplants. Interventional radiology and medical therapy as an alternative to retransplantation

Fifteen children less than 12 kg in weight underwent transplantation of the liver for biliary atresia; eight survived. Five of the eight survivors had thrombosis of the hepatic artery without portal vein thrombosis. Three of the five patients with hepatic artery thrombosis developed infected bilomas, which were drained percutaneously under ultrasonographic (US) or computed tomographic (CT) guidance. Concurrent therapy with antibiotics and hyperoxygenation resulted in resolution of these intrahepatic collections. Although it had been thought that thrombosis of the hepatic artery most often results in necrosis of the graft and requires retransplantation, the five patients in this study survived without retransplantation. Diagnosis of hepatic artery thrombosis was achieved with the use of Doppler US in four cases, CT in four cases, and angiography in two cases. Duplex Doppler US is the preferred imaging modality.     

Ileal invagination of the sigmoid colon producing a sigmoidorectal intussusception combined with rectal prolapse in a 3-year-old child

Intussusception is very common in children all over the world, especially those under 2 years. This can be ileoileal, ileocolic, or colocolic, i.e. the immediate proximal part of the intestine telescoping into the distal portion of the intestine. Ileosigmoid intussusception involves the invagination of a loop of the ileum into the sigmoid colon, producing two obstructions: that involving the invaginated loop of terminal ileum and that of the sigmoidorectal intussusception. This can lead to ischaemia and necrosis of either the ileum or sigmoid colon. The case presented here is suspected to be the first one reported in the world scientific literature.     

Peritoneal inclusion cysts: ovarian fluid in peritoneal adhesions

In four women pelvic peritoneal inclusion cysts were diagnosed with ultrasound or computed tomography. Three patients had a history of multiple surgical procedures, whereas the fourth had prior severe abdominal trauma. Imaging studies showed large cystic structures contiguous with the adnexa. The normal ovarian appearance was distorted in two women. Pathologic confirmation was obtained in all cases. When large adnexal cystic structures are identified in young women with a history of surgery or trauma, the diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cysts should be entertained. Recognition should result in conservative therapy rather than salpingo-oophorectomy.     

MR imaging of laser-tissue interactions

A new application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to map the spatial and temporal distribution of the effects of Nd:YAG lasers on tissues was studied. The temperature dependence of MR relaxation mechanisms and the high sensitivity of MR to changes in the mobility and distribution of tissue water make it particularly suitable for the demonstration and control of thermal energy deposition in tissues. In heterogeneous tissues, MR imaging does not follow changing temperatures directly because even in the case of reversible thermal interactions, there is a hysteresis in the dynamic relationship between MR signal intensity and temperature. Appropriate matching of the laser and MR pulse sequences can, however, optimize the detection of relatively small laser energy deposition, and reversible and irreversible tissue changes can be distinguished. There is a potential for the integration of MR imaging and lasers for three-dimensional control and monitoring of laser-tissue interactions.