Cost-utility analysis of genetic screening in families of patients with germline <Emphasis Type="Italic">MUTYH</Emphasis> mutations

Background  

MUTYH associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Carriers of bi-allelic MUTYH germline mutations have a risk of approximately 60% to develop colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In the general population about 1.5% is a heterozygous MUTYH mutation carrier. Children of MAP patients have an increased risk of inheriting two MUTYH mutations compared to the general population, implicating an increased risk for developing CRC.     

浅低温体外循环围术期血清炎症介质的变化

目的 探讨浅低温体外循环围术期炎症介质的释放规律。方法 按入选标准筛选先天性心脏病患者24例，均采用浅低温体外循环心脏直视术，用酶联免疫吸附法测定患者术前（T1）、CPB30min（T2）、CPB结束后2h（T3）、12h（T4）、24h（T5）各时间点血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的浓度。结果 所有患者血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10浓度在CPB开始后均升高（P〈0，01），于术后2h（T3）逐渐达高峰，术后12h（T4）逐渐下降，术后24h（T5）虽仍高于术前（T1）水平，但较高峰时（T3）已明显下降。结论 浅低温CPB术后患者血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-10浓度逐渐升高．术后2h达高峰．并于24h内恢复接近正常水平。     

Community-based education: The influence of role modeling on career choice and practice location

Introduction: Research findings in medical education support the importance of positive role models in enhancing learning and influencing the career path of medical students and graduates. The authors explored the characteristics of positive and negative role models during Community-Based Education and Service (COBES), as well as their effect on trainees’ career paths.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire among medical students to explore the characteristics of positive and negative role models during COBES. Associations between gender, choice of specialty, and practice location were assessed using the chi-square test. All qualitative data analysis was performed using the principles of primary, secondary, and tertiary coding.

Result: The majority of the students indicated that role modeling during COBES will affect their choice of specialty and practice location with a significant gender difference in terms of practice location (p?Conclusion: The desire and willingness to work in a rural community combined with good communication and excellent interpersonal skills as well as good leadership skills are attributes of good role modeling that could influence medical students’ career choice during COBES.     

雌激素缺乏对大鼠颅内动脉瘤形成的影响

目的 建立雌激素缺乏的颅内动脉瘤模型,并在此基础上初步研究雌激素缺乏对颅内动脉瘤形成、生长的影响及其可能机制. 方法 雌性Wistar大鼠30只按随机数字表法分为实验组(切除双侧卵巢+颅内动脉瘤模型)、实验对照组(切除双侧卵巢旁与其大小相当的一块脂肪+颅内动脉瘤模型)、空白对照组(每组各10只).大鼠去势模型或腹部假手术模型制作后2周用猪胰弹性蛋白酶滴加到颈外动脉及分叉处动脉壁周围,在颈外动脉距分叉处约1.5 mm位点用两根手术线结扎颈外动脉,在两根线之间剪断颈外动脉,使颈外动脉的盲段形成颈内动脉的一个动脉瘤.动脉瘤模型制作6周后取右心房全血2mL,离心取上清液后于-20℃冰箱保存,用于检测大鼠血清中雌激素的含量,同时游标卡尺测量颅内动脉瘤长度和直径,并取实验组及实验对照组的颅内动脉瘤组织和空白对照组相应的一段颈外动脉组织用于常规组织切片染色. 结果 实验组血清中雌激素水平为(105.00±12.96)pmol/L,实验对照组为(178.50±25.96)pmol/L,空白对照组为(180.40±18.70)pmol/L,实验组与实验对照组及空白对照组组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).实验组颅内动脉瘤长度扩张率为(131.31±6.63)%,直径扩张率为(125.10±5.49)%,实验对照组为(109.90±3.44)%和(106.82±2.49)%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 雌激素缺乏对颅内动脉瘤的形成、生长有一定的促进作用.本研究使用肓段法结合酶消化法制作颅内动脉瘤模型简便可行.     

血气分析仪与全自动生化仪相同检测项目可比性探讨

目的探讨血气分析仪与生化分析仪检测动脉血与静脉血样本中血钾(K+)、血钠(Na+)、血氯(Cl-)以及血总二氧化碳(TCO2)的相关性。方法分别用ABL800血气分析仪与OLYMPUS AU5400全自动生化分析仪对36例患者的动脉全血和血清样本进行K+、Na+、Cl-、TCO2的检测,对检测结果进行相关分析和配对t检验。结果两种仪器测定K+、Na+、Cl-、TCO2的结果均有显著相关性(r=0.717,r=0.832,r=0.721,r=0.919,P<0.01)。两种仪器测定TCO2的结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),ABL800血气分析仪测定K+、Na+、Cl-的结果显著高于OLYMPUS AU5400全自动生化分析仪(P<0.05)。结论 ABL800血气分析仪与AU5400生化分析仪K+、Na+、Cl-、TCO2检测结果相关性好,但仍存在一定的差异。     

Correlates of HIV,HBV, HCV and syphilis infections among prison inmates and officers in Ghana: A national multicenter study

Background  

Prisons are known to be high-risk environments for the spread of bloodborne and sexually transmitted infections. Prison officers are considered to have an intermittent exposure potential to bloodborne infectious diseases on the job, however there has been no studies on the prevalence of these infections in prison officers in Ghana.     

Inactivation of lipid-enveloped and non-lipid-enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by crosslinked starch-iodine

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate an iodine-based method of activating potentially harmful viruses that might be found in normal human plasma. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A procedure has been developed for inactivating lipid-enveloped and non-lipid-enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by using iodine complexed to crosslinked potato starch. The established conditions are an iodine concentration of 1.05 mg per mL and 60 minutes' incubation. RESULTS: Under these conditions, inactivation of more than 9 log10 of vesicular stomatitis virus, a lipid-enveloped virus, and more than 7 log10 of encephalomyocarditis virus, a non-lipid-enveloped virus, was achieved, with minimal losses of biologic activity of selected plasma proteins. Under these conditions, 70 percent of factor VIII activity, 77 percent of factor IX activity, and 100 percent of protein C activity in the plasma were retained. CONCLUSION: Crosslinked starch-iodine may be useful in the inactivation of viruses in single-donor plasma units and in pooled human plasma before fractionation.     

Intermittent hydronephrosis: a unique feature of ureteropelvic junction obstruction caused by a crossing renal vessel

Obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is usually intrinsic. Recently, however, 13 (11%) of approximately 120 children with UPJ obstruction were found to have extrinsic obstruction caused by a lower-pole renal vessel. In each case, the obstruction was confirmed at the time of surgery. Most of these patients had intermittent pain. Excretory urograms did not show obstruction between episodes of pain, but when a urogram was obtained during an episode, marked obstruction was noted. Contrast agent trapped in a segment of proximal ureter suggests the presence of an extrinsic obstruction. Properly timed renal imaging, therefore, can identify the urinary tract as the source of the symptoms.