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111.
Objective : To study the effect of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia on thyroid function as neonatal thyroid screening is sometimes performed during exposure to phototherapy. Methodology : Infants with non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia were sequentially allocated to fibre-optic phototherapy, conventional daylight phototherapy, or a combination of both. Bilirubin concentration was monitored 12 hourly by capillary blood sampling; venous blood was sampled for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) determinations, at start of exposure, at 24 h, end of exposure and 1 day later. Comparable unexposed infants served as controls. Results : All 123 study infants and 25 controls remained well during the study. Bilirubin levels declined during phototherapy, being most rapid in the combination group. The TSH and fT4 values at start of exposure were 3.86 ± 0.41 mU/L (mean ± SEM) and 33.20 ± 1.16 pmol/L, respectively, in the fibre-optic group, 3.62 ± 0.38 mU/L and 37.22 ± 1.76 pmol/L in the daylight group, and 4.40 ± 0.48 mU/L and 29.91 ± 1.13 pmol/L in the combined group, compared with 5.77 ± 0.40 mU/L and 34.46 ± 1.68 pmol/L in the control group. The TSH and fT4 values declined with increasing age in the phototherapy and control groups with end of exposure values of 2.90 ± 0.28mU/L and 27.71 ± 0.71 pmol/L, 2.77 ± 0.31 mU/L and 33.52 ± 1.22pmol/L, and 3.44 ± 0.30 mU/L and 27.54 ± 0.88 pmol/L, respectively, compared with 4.21 ± 0.61 mU/L and 27.19 ± 2.33 pmol/L (at 72 h) in the control group. The pattern of TSH and fT4 decline in the exposed and control groups was similar, being related to increasing age. Conclusions : The validity of neonatal thyroid screening is not affected by fibre-optic or conventional phototherapy or by both combined. 相似文献
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Murphy AW; Leonard C; Plunkett PK; Bury G; Lynam F; Smith M; Gibney D 《Family practice》1997,14(5):407-410
BACKGROUND: The Health (Out-Patient Charges) Regulations 1994 were designed
to encourage those Irish patients liable for their own health care costs to
attend their GP before their local Accident and Emergency (A&E)
department. Such patients are referred to as General Medical Services
(GMS)-ineligible. Prior to the introduction of the regulations in March
1994, there was a perverse financial incentive for these patients to attend
directly A&E departments instead of their GP. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to
compare the number of GMS-ineligible patients referred by a GP during the
year before and the year after the implementation of the Regulations.
METHOD: This study involved the audit of all new attendances to a large
A&E department, for 1 year before and after the introduction of the new
regulations. The main outcome measures were the number of new attenders in
the subsequent year, the proportion of GMS-ineligible attenders, the
proportion of GMS- ineligible attenders referred by a GP and the proportion
of GMS- ineligible attenders referred by a GP and categorized as having
neither critical nor urgent complaints. RESULTS: The total number of new
attenders in the year subsequent to the introduction of the regulations was
45,302, an increase of 4.9% on the previous year's total. The proportion of
GMS-ineligible attenders decreased from 45.3 to 44% (- 1.3%; 95% confidence
interval (CI) -0.6 to -1.9). The proportion of GMS- ineligible attenders
who were referred by a GP increased by 2.4% (95%; CI 1.7-3.1). The
proportion of GMS-ineligible attenders, referred by a GP with complaints
categorized as neither critical nor urgent, increased by 2.5% (95%; CI
1.8-3.2). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of the regulations was associated
with a small, but statistically significant, reduction in the number of
GMS-ineligible patients who attended with non-emergency conditions. The
proportion of GMS- ineligible attenders who were referred by a GP increased
by 2.4% (95%; CI 1.7-3.1). The overall workload of the A&E department
was, however, unaffected. Further evaluation of the effects of this
reduction on the health status of patients is required.
相似文献
115.
Estimation of cell survival by flow cytometric quantification of fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide viable cell number 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
D D Ross C C Joneckis J V Ordó?ez A M Sisk R K Wu R E Hamburger AW Nora R E Nora 《Cancer research》1989,49(14):3776-3782
We report a flow cytometric method to quantify the number of viable cells remaining in suspension culture following exposure to cytotoxic drugs. Cell viability is assessed by flow cytometric measurement of cellular fluorescence after staining with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide in isotonic solution. The number of viable cells per ml of culture is determined by a timed count of viable cells and from knowledge of the flow cytometer sample flow rate. P388 murine or HL-60 human leukemia cells in culture were used as model systems. This method can quantify accurately viable cell concentrations in suspension culture from 100 cells/ml to 1 million cells/ml. The sensitivity of the method as a cytotoxicity assay increases if, following brief (1-4-h) exposure to drug, greater time is allowed for cell death and lysis to occur prior to flow cytometric counting of viable cells. If the viability assessment is deferred for at least 72 h following drug (daunorubicin, actinomycin D, vincristine) exposure, results were obtained approximating those obtained from the soft agar clonogenic assay or the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In studying the cytotoxic effects of vincristine, actinomycin D, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, and daunorubicin on P388 or HL-60 cells sensitive and resistant to these agents, reasonable results were obtained by flow cytometric counting of viable cell number. We have been able to perform this flow cytometric viability assay with ease using bone marrow blast cells obtained from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The method is facile, relatively rapid, and since it is ideal for studying cells in suspension culture, its potential as a predictor of chemotherapeutic response in leukemia warrants further evaluation. 相似文献
116.
Measurement of IgG antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (ATHA) in 92 bacteriuric schoolgirls aged 5-12 did not show a significant rise compared with the titres found in the sera of 24 healthy controls. ATHA titres showed no correlation with the presence of vesicoureteric reflux or kidney scarring and it is concluded that measurement of serum ATHA is of no value as a screening procedure for the detection of vesicoureteric reflux. 相似文献
117.
Objective To assess the effect of intraoral oxygen release device on the reduction of breath odor.
Methods Twenty-two people (age ranged 17–81, mean age = 32, 11 males, 11 females) suffering from breath odor for average 8.3 years across the nation volunteered to participate in this clinical trial. Collection of baseline demographic information and clinical examination was conducted prior to the initial use of the intraoral oxygen release device. After having worn the device at night for 2 weeks, patients were recalled. Concentration of VSC (volatile sulfur compound) using Halimeter® (Interscan Corporation, Chatsworth, CA, USA) was measured and two independent examiners (one male, one female) performed organoleptic measurements, both before and after the use of the device. The two examiners were blinded to the use of device. Data were analyzed with non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-rank test and proportion using statistical package JMP® 5.0.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
Results and discussion Following use of the device a change in breath odor severity was measured as a decrease of organoleptic breath odor by 58% with one examiner and by 79% with the other examiner. Median VSC level before device use was 111 ppb (parts per billion) and decreased to 75 ppb after device use. The VSC decrease was statistically significant ( P -value = 0.004).
Conclusions The study indicated that the intraoral oxygen release device is effective in reducing Volatile Sulfur Compound level and organoleptic breath odor. 相似文献
Methods Twenty-two people (age ranged 17–81, mean age = 32, 11 males, 11 females) suffering from breath odor for average 8.3 years across the nation volunteered to participate in this clinical trial. Collection of baseline demographic information and clinical examination was conducted prior to the initial use of the intraoral oxygen release device. After having worn the device at night for 2 weeks, patients were recalled. Concentration of VSC (volatile sulfur compound) using Halimeter
Results and discussion Following use of the device a change in breath odor severity was measured as a decrease of organoleptic breath odor by 58% with one examiner and by 79% with the other examiner. Median VSC level before device use was 111 ppb (parts per billion) and decreased to 75 ppb after device use. The VSC decrease was statistically significant ( P -value = 0.004).
Conclusions The study indicated that the intraoral oxygen release device is effective in reducing Volatile Sulfur Compound level and organoleptic breath odor. 相似文献
118.
Donor attitudes about exporting and importing blood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RJ Bowman ; ME Clay ; DJ Therkelsen ; B Maynard ; CC Nass ; MA Popovsky ; TJ Ryan ; AW Shafer ; P Riedesel 《Transfusion》1997,37(9):913-920
BACKGROUND: The movement of blood among different areas of the United States and the collection of more blood than is needed locally in some areas are increasing. Little is known of donors' attitudes about this blood resource sharing. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One thousand donors from five regions of the American Red Cross Blood Services were surveyed by telephone. Demographic information about the donors and the regions was obtained, and the donors were asked to describe their attitudes about blood resource sharing as well as other blood donation- related issues. RESULTS: Donors are not very knowledgeable about whether their community is self-sufficient in its blood supply. In regions that import blood, 29 to 43 percent of donors believed that enough blood was collected to meet all local needs, and, in regions that export blood, only 22 to 24 percent of donors believed that more than enough blood was collected. About three-fourths of the donors believed it acceptable to send their blood to other communities if it is needed there. However, this attitude was based on the premise that all local needs would be met first. Only 4 percent of donors would be less willing to donate if their blood was being sent to another community. CONCLUSION: Donors are not very aware of blood resource sharing but are willing, under certain circumstances, to donate blood for use outside their local communities. 相似文献
119.
Yulyana Yulyana Artak Tovmasyan Ivy AW Ho Kian Chuan Sia Jennifer P Newman Wai Hoe Ng Chang Ming Guo Kam Man Hui Paula YP Lam 《Stem cell reviews》2016,12(1):140-155
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant tumor of the brain and is challenging to treat due to its highly invasive nature and heterogeneity. Malignant brain tumor displays high metabolic activity which perturbs its redox environment and in turn translates to high oxidative stress. Thus, pushing the oxidative stress level to achieve the maximum tolerable threshold that induces cell death is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Previously, we have shown that gap junction inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX), is capable of enhancing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Since CBX is known to induce oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the addition of another potent mediator of oxidative stress, powerful SOD mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnBuOE), could further enhance TRAIL-driven therapeutic efficacy in glioma cells. Our results showed that combining TRAIL + CBX with MnBuOE significantly enhances cell death of glioma cell lines and this enhancement could be further potentiated by CBX pretreatment. MnBuOE-driven cytotoxicity is due to its ability to take advantage of oxidative stress imposed by CBX + TRAIL system, and enhance it in the presence of endogenous reductants, ascorbate and thiol, thereby producing cytotoxic H2O2, and in turn inducing death of glioma cells but not normal astrocytes. Most importantly, combination treatment significantly reduces viability of TRAIL-resistant Asian patient-derived glioma cells, thus demonstrating the potential clinical use of our therapeutic system. It was reported that H2O2 is involved in membrane depolarization-based sensitization of cancer cells toward TRAIL. MnBuOE is entering Clinical Trials as a normal brain radioprotector in glioma patients at Duke University increasing Clinical relevance of our studies. 相似文献
120.