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GT Terézhalmy AR Biesbrock PA Walters JM Grender RD Bartizek 《International journal of dental hygiene》2008,6(4):321-327
Abstract: Aim: To compare plaque removal efficacy of Oral‐B CrossAction (CA) used for 1 min with an American Dental Association (ADA) manual toothbrush used for 2 or 5 min in an examiner‐blind, three‐treatment, six‐period crossover study. Materials and methods: After refraining from all oral hygiene procedures for 23–25 h, subjects were randomly assigned to one of nine possible six‐period (visit) treatment sequences. Plaque was assessed at baseline (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index). Post‐brushing scores were recorded after brushing with a marketed dentifrice and the assigned toothbrush for the specified duration. The same procedure was followed at each of six subsequent visits. Clinical measurements were carried out by the same examiner. Results: Forty subjects completed the study. All three treatments effectively removed plaque from the whole mouth, along the gingival margin and from approximal surfaces. Whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores with CA for 1 min did not differ significantly from scores with the ADA toothbrush used for 2 min. The ADA brush used for 5 min showed significantly greater whole mouth (P < 0.001) and gingival margin (P < 0.001) plaque reduction than the two other treatments. Approximal plaque removal scores did not differ between the three treatments. Conclusions: Efficient plaque removal can be achieved after 1 min of brushing with CA. The amount of plaque removed did not differ significantly from that achieved with the ADA brush after 2 min of brushing. Greater whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores were seen with the ADA brush after 5 min. 相似文献
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Discoid lupus erythematosus is a manifestation of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a small risk of systemic involvement. In this review article, the role of predisposing factors such as haplotype, hormones, antibodies and sunlight are discussed. The clinical features, including variants and associations, and management options are presented. 相似文献
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F. PEYVANDI R. PALLA M. MENEGATTI S. M. SIBONI S. HALIMEH B. FAESER H. PERGANTOU H. PLATOKOUKI P. GIANGRANDE K. PEERLINCK T. CELKAN N. OZDEMIR C. BIDLINGMAIER J. INGERSLEV M. GIANSILY‐BLAIZOT J. F. SCHVED R. GILMORE A. GADISSEUR M. BENEDIK‐DOLNIAR L. KITANOVSKI D. MIKOVIC K. M. MUSALLAM F. R. ROSENDAAL 《Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis》2012,10(4):615-621
Summary. Background: The European Network of Rare Bleeding Disorders (EN‐RBD) was established to bridge the gap between knowledge and practise in the care of patients with RBDs. Objectives: To explore the relationship between coagulation factor activity level and bleeding severity in patients with RBDs. Patients/Methods: Cross‐sectional study using data from 489 patients registered in the EN‐RBD. Coagulation factor activity levels were retrieved. Clinical bleeding episodes were classified into four categories according to severity. Results: The mean age of patients at data collection was 31 years (range, 7 months to 95 years), with an equal sex distribution. On linear regression analysis, there was a strong association between coagulation factor activity level and clinical bleeding severity for fibrinogen, factor (F) X, FXIII, and combined FV and FVIII deficiencies. A weaker association was present for FV and FVII deficiencies. There was no association between coagulation factor activity level and clinical bleeding severity for FXI. The coagulation factor activity levels that were necessary for patients to remain asymptomatic were: fibrinogen, > 100 mg dL?1; FV, 12 U dL?1; combined FV + VIII, 43 U dL?1; FVII, 25 U dL?1; FX, 56 U dL?1; FXI, 26 U dL?1; FXIII, 31 U dL?1. Moreover, coagulation factor activity levels that corresponded with Grade III bleeding were: undetectable levels for fibrinogen, FV and FXIII, < 15 U dL?1 for combined FV + VIII; < 8 U dL?1 for FVI; < 10 U dL?1 for FX; and < 25 U dL?1 for FXI. Conclusions: There is a heterogeneous association between coagulation factor activity level and clinical bleeding severity in different RBDs. A strong association is only observed in fibrinogen, FX and FXIII deficiencies. 相似文献
96.
由于血小板只有5天的保存期,库存压力导致经常输注ABO血型不合的血小板.为了避免血小板过期,首先输注的是库存时间最长的血小板,包括输注ABO血型不合的血小板.AABB和英国血液学标准委员会建议,输注红细胞时必须要求ABO主侧相合,而输注血小板并没有要求ABO血型匹配. 相似文献
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Evolution of transmitted HIV‐1 drug resistance and viral subtypes circulation in Italy from 2006 to 2016 下载免费PDF全文