母体钙代谢与补钙对妊娠的影响

妊娠期缺钙严重影响母婴的安全健康 ,其原因是由于妊娠期母体钙代谢发生变化 ,使母体血清游离钙离子浓度降低 ,血清铅浓度增高。有关研究表明 ,母体缺钙导致血铅竞争性过高 ,使胎儿身长、体重均小于胎龄儿 ,胎儿宫内发育迟缓的发生率增高 ,甚至发生早产、死胎等。同时发现血清钙离子可能对内源性一氧化氮合成释放起调节作用 ,而内皮素是最强的缩血管物质之一 ,母体补钙可调节一氧化氮与内皮素的平衡 ,从而降低妊高征的发生率。因此孕期补充钙剂是非常重要的。     

Development of specificity in corticospinal connections by axon collaterals branching selectively into appropriate spinal targets

Corticospinal projections in adult rodents arise exlusively from layer V neurons in the sensorimotor cortex. These neurons are topographically organized in their connections to spinal cord targets. Previous studies in rodents have shown that the mature distribution pattern of corticospinal neurons develops during the first 2 weeks postnatal from an initial widespread pattern that includes the visual cortex to a distribution restricted to the sensorimotor cortex. To determine whether specificity in corticospinal connections also emerges from an intially diffuse set of projections, we have studied the outgrowth of corticospinal axons and the formation of terminal arbors in developing hamsters. The sensitive fluorescent tracer 1, 1′, dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorat (DiI) was used to label corticospinal axons from the visual cortex or from small regions of the forelimb or hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in living animals at 4–17 days postnatal. Initially axon outgrowth was imprecise. Some visual cortical axons extended transiently beyond their permanent targets in the pontine nuclei, by growing through the pyramidal decussation and in some cases extending as far caudally as the lumbar enlargement. Forelimb sensorimotor axons also extended past their targets in the cervical enlargement, in many cases growing in the corticospinal tract to lumbar levels of the cord. By about 17 days postnatal these misdirected axons or axon segments were withdrawn from the tract. Despite these errors in axon trajectories within the corticospinal tract, terminal arbors branching into targets in the spinal gray matter were topographically appropriate from the earliest stages of innervation. Thus visula cortical axons never formed connections in the spinal cord, forelimb sensorimotor axons arborized only in the cervical enlargement, and hindlimb cortical axons terminated only in the lumbar cord at all stages of development examined. Corticospinal arbors formed from collaterals that extended at right angles from the shafts of primary axons, most likely by the process of interstitial branching after the primary growth cone had extended past the target. Once collaterals extended into the spinal gray matter, highly branched terminal arbors formed within 2–4 days, beginning at about 4 and 8 days postnatal for the cervical and lumbar enlargements, respectively. These results show that specificity in connectivity is achieved by selectivty growth of axon collaterals in to appropriate spinal targets from the beginning and not by the later remodeling of intially diffuse connections. In contrast, errors occur in the initial outgrowth of axons in the corticospinal tract, which are subsequently corrected. Copyright © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

精子尾部低渗肿胀试验、DNA荧光染色有效精子计数在精液分析中的意义

本文对１６０名有正常生育力的男性精液标本同时进行了精子尾部低渗肿胀率（ＨＯＳ）、精子头部ＤＮＡ荧光染色的有效精子计数（ＥＳＣ）、前向运动精子百分率（ＰＭＳ）、活动精子百分率（ＭＳ）的检测，分析它们之间的一致性。结果发现：ＨＯＳ与ＰＭＳ或ＭＳ间的符合率分别为７４％与８８％；ＥＳＣ与ＰＭＳ或ＭＳ间的符合率分别为６３％与６６％；ＥＳＣ与ＨＯＳ间的符合率为６７％。提示ＨＯＳ或ＥＳＣ可从不同角度去反映被测精子的生育力。     

肝硬化患者的脑电活动地形图

对２０例无临床肝性脑病的失代偿期肝硬化患者进行脑电活动地形图（ＢＥＡＭ）检查，并与３３例正常人作对照，以探讨亚临床肝性脑病（ＳＨＥ）的诊断价值。结果表明，２０例肝硬化患者中，ＢＥＡＭ正常５例，轻度异常５例，轻￣中度异常５例，中度异常５例，总异常率为７５％（１５／２０）。ＢＥＡＭ异常的分布特点以弥漫性分布为主要表现，主要为慢频域（δ．θ．δ＋θ／α＋β）活动增强，Ｚ值增高，只有３例波及α频域。提示：     

搭建体验式沟通平台提高大学生人际交往能力

在生活节奏不断加快，竞争激烈的当今社会，大学生群体中不同程度地存在人际交往困难，影响了各种适应社会需求和自我发展能力的培养。通过搭建体验式沟通平台，形成一种团结友爱、朝气蓬勃的氛围，将有利于大学生形成和发展健康的个性品质，提高大学生的人际交往能力。     

血压变异与心率变异及心电异常相关性分析

目的：研究血压变异(BPV)与心率变异(HRV)及心电图(ECG)异常相关性，方法：对157例未经治疗的早期高血压患者及167例未服过影响血压及心率药物的正常人，进行BPV、HRV及ECG异常的相关分析，各种数据在同一时刻得到，结果：当血压昼夜节律消失(非杓型)，BPV及HRV不正常，ECG异常明显高于其他组，当高血压患者血压昼夜节律存在时HRV各项指标接近正常，ECG异常率较低，HRV降低与血压负荷升高呈明显正相关，与心电异常也呈明显正相关，结论：对高血压治疗的目的。不仅仅是降压，还应尽量恢复昼夜血压的规律性，降低夜间血压负荷，调节植物神经功能，对于血压正常的患者。血压昼夜节律消失也应投以关照给予植物神经功能调节，达到或降低靶器官损伤或延缓靶器官损害的目的，提高患者的生活质量。     

体外丹参、藻酸双酯钠对脑血栓形成患者红细胞与内皮细胞粘附的影响

丹参、藻酸双酯钠是临床治疗脑血管病的常用药。本研究发现，在体外流场中用丹参、藻酸双酯钠分别处理脑血栓形成病人的红细胞后，此红细胞与培养的人脉静脉内皮细胞的粘附数目明显减少、粘附强度明显减弱；而且，在临床常用剂量下藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用优于丹参。认为丹参、藻酸双酯钠的这种抗粘附作用可能是临床用以治疗脑血栓形成的一个重要机理。     

下腹部多个真皮下血管网皮瓣在手外伤修复中的应用

目的：应用下腹部多个真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手外伤，方法：在下腹形成以旋髂浅血管为蒂的髂腰部皮瓣及以腹壁浅血管为蒂的下腹部皮瓣，二皮瓣共蒂形成双叶皮瓣，同时将其修薄，形成有轴心血管的真皮下血管网皮瓣，修复两指完全脱套伤。在下腹部形成多个真皮下血管网的任意皮瓣，修复多个指背皮肤缺损伴有肌腱及骨外露的创面。供区如不能直接拉拢缝合，可取断层皮片修复供区创面.结果：本组10例中，8例采用下腹部双叶真皮下血管网轴型皮瓣修复，2例采用下腹部真皮下血管网任意皮瓣修复，术后效果。结论：采用多个真皮下血管网皮瓣修复手外伤的创面，伤指不需并指，去脂，分指，术后外形佳，是目前较理想的修复手外伤的手术方法。     

盐酸普罗帕酮注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的确立

目的：验证盐酸普罗帕酮注射液细菌内毒素检查法的可行性。方法：通过抑制／增强试验确定盐酸普罗帕酮注射液的有效稀释浓度和细菌内毒素限值。结果：0．35mg/ml的盐酸普罗帕酮溶液无干扰作用，其内毒素限值符合规定。结论：盐酸普罗帕酮注射液可用细菌内毒素检查法来控制其细菌内毒素含量。     

医院感染及漏报率统计分析

目的　了解我院医院感染发生及漏报率。方法　将我院 2 0 0 3年 1～ 12月出院的所有病例进行回顾性调查。结果　医院感染率 7.3 2 %、漏报率 14 .93 %,均符合国家卫生部要求。结论　做好医院感染监测工作 ,严格执行各项工作制度 ,掌握医院感染与手术并发症的鉴别诊断 ,提高医院感染诊断的准确率