2018—2021年隆德县流行性出血热流行特征及宿主动物监测分析

目的 了解2018—2021年宁夏隆德县流行性出血热流行特征及宿主动物感染情况,为今后开展人间疫情预警预测及防控提供科学依据。方法 按照《全国肾综合征出血热监测方案》要求,在既往有流行性出血热病例发生或暴露地区,选取具有代表性的乡(镇)自然村开展鼠密度监测。采用描述流行病学方法分析病例分布。结果 2018—2021年共报告流行性出血热确诊病例16例,死亡2例,年均报告发病率3.41/10万;秋冬季报告病例占87.50%,杨河乡及观庄乡病例共占68.75%,16～60岁病例占62.50%。总鼠密度0.74%,呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ²=240.77,P<0.05),秋季野外区鼠密度高于居民区(χ²=30.797,P=0.001),优势鼠种由黑线姬鼠转变为褐家鼠;居民区优势鼠种为小家鼠。结论 近年来隆德县流行性出血热疫情发病水平较高;建议加强疫情及宿主动物监测,落实防鼠灭鼠、疫苗接种、健康教育宣传和爱国卫生运动等综合防控措施,提高医务人员早期识别诊治能力,警惕人间疫情暴发流行。     

宁夏市售鱼类中禁用药物的调查与分析

目的了解宁夏地区市售养殖鱼类中禁用药物的使用情况。方法采用高效液相仪、液质联用仪对养殖鱼样品中5种禁用药物进行检测。结果共检测50份样品,孔雀石绿检出1份,检出率为4％;隐性孔雀石绿检出5份,检出率为10％;硝基呋喃及其代谢产物（AOZ）检出2份,检出率4％;喹乙醇代谢物、结晶紫及其代谢产物未检出。结论养殖鱼类市场存在禁用药物硝基呋喃及其代谢产物、孔雀石绿及隐性孔雀石绿,且有药物联合使用的情况。     

老年人三维本体感觉测试系统研制与应用

目的研制老年人三维本体感觉测试系统。方法采用惯性传感技术研制一套基于三轴加速度计、三轴磁力计、三轴陀螺仪传感器的姿态测量系统,通过卡尔曼滤波进行数据融合,使该系统可以输出较高精度的姿态角数据。将受试者测试关节的近端环节固定,惯性传感器通过绑带固定在测试关节的远端环节上。惯性传感器在远端环节运动过程中与其做相同的运动,并记录下实时变化的三维角度值,即关节活动角度值。记录本体感觉测试常用方法——角度重建法中三维的目标角度、重建角度等数据。结果采用国际公认的本体感觉测试装置BIODEX测试系统测试8名男性老年人膝关节本体感觉测试结果与该测试系统获得的结果没有显著差异。结论老年人三维本体感觉测试系统能够测试老年人各关节的三维本体感觉,尤其是可以测试小关节本体感觉,能方便携带到康复大厅、病房等场合,在老年人健康评估、康复进程监控、伤残评定等多个方面都有非常重要的应用。     

中国汉族正常成人岛叶体积的高分辨率MRI测量

Objective To explore the normal range of the insula volume of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A ( age range = 18 to 30), B ( age range = 31 to 40 ), C ( age range = 41 to 50 ), D ( age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.After three dimension data reconstruction, the volumes of bilateral insula were manually measured.The volume of bilateral insula were compared by paired sample t test.The insula volumes were compared between male and female by independent sample t test, and the differences among 5 age groups were compared by one-way ANNOVA.The relationship between the volumes of insula and age,sex or cerebral volume were analyzed using bivariate correlation, respectively.Results The left snd right side volume of insula before standarized were (7764±1165) and (7387±1128) mm3 respectively, after standarized were (8413±1201 ) and (7871±1140) mm3 respectively.The left insula volume were significant larger than that of right(t = - 10.565, - 16.014,P <0.01 ).The left and fight volume of insula were (8146±1181 ) and (7735±1113) mm3 for male, and (7393±1022) mm3 and (7050±1038) mm3for female.The left and right insula volumes for male were larger than the female's(t = 10.934,9.945 ,P <0.01 ).The left and right insula volume of male after standarized were (8779±1230 ) and (8224±1081 )mm3, female were (8043±1054) and (7515±1091 ) mm3 ,the left and right insula volume of male were larger than the female's ( t = 4.858,4.632, P < 0.01 ).The left insula volumes among Group A, B, C, D,E before standarized were ( 8268±1221 ), ( 8067±1107 ), ( 7869±1109), ( 7603±1111 ), ( 6997±934 )mm3 respectively,the right were (8028±1156), (7636±1075), (7294±986), (7249±1068), (6717±916) mm3 respectively, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F= -0.361,-0.337,P <0.01 ).The left insula volume of A,B,C,D,E after standarized were ( 9093±1105 ), ( 8679±965 ), ( 8810±1136), ( 8202±980), ( 7273±940 )mm3, the right were ( 8694±1005), (8136±1100), (8034±910), (7496±990), (6989±932) mm3, there were significant differences among 5 groups between left and right insula volume(F = -0.490, -0.512,P < 0.01 ).There was significant negative correlation between the volume and age ( before standarizded:r = -0.361, -0.337, after standardized r = -0.490, -0.512, P<0.05).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and cerebral volume ( r = 0.470,0.459, P < 0.05 ).Before and after standardized, there was significant correlation between the volume of right and left insula and weight( r = 0.141, 0.092, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions 1.5 T MR scanner has high resolution, for distinguishing the white matter from the gray matter, and provide morphological data of insula for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.     

4种对比剂在胃癌多层螺旋CT成像技术中的对照研究

目的探讨4种对比剂在胃癌多层螺旋CT成像技术中的临床应用价值。方法对104例经胃镜和病理证实的胃癌患者用4种对比剂行多层螺旋CT检查,将所获得的图像进行分析和比较。结果4组不同对比剂(水、气、脂乳剂及阳性对比剂)检查的诊断符合率均为100%。在对进展期胃癌的大体分型的敏感度方面无显著性差异(χ2值为9.13,P>0.05);在分型的准确性方面差异无显著性意义(χ2值为2.72,P>0.05);图像质量评价显示,在胃扩张充盈程度及病灶细节显示方面差异无显著性意义(χ2值分别为3.53和5.8,P值均>0.05);在胃壁结构层次显示及是否产生伪影方面,4组之间的差异有显著性意义(χ2值分别为12.4和10.79,P值均<0.05);气体、脂乳与水对比剂之间差异无显著性,而阳性对比剂与水对比剂之间有显著性差异。使用气体对比剂行三维成像的满意率较高,而使用阳性对比剂行三维成像其图像质量均不理想。结论口服对比剂的选择在胃癌多层螺旋CT的成像技术中十分重要,在轴位图像中,以水和脂乳性对比剂为优,气体对比剂更适于三维成像。     

多层螺旋CT在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在支气管内膜结核诊断及治疗评价中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析32例经纤维支气管镜证实的支气管内膜结核的CT轴位图像表现,并对在工作站获取的薄层图像分别进行多平面重建(MPR),CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE),表面遮盖(SSD)3种方法后重建。结果共有49处气管受累,主支气管2例,右主支气管4例,左主支气管3例,右肺上叶支气管15例,左肺上叶支气管12例,右中叶支气管4例,右肺下叶支气管5例,左肺下叶支气管4例。CT表现为支气管阻塞12例,支气管腔狭窄18例,支气管壁增厚13例,支气管壁钙化6例,伴肺门及纵隔淋巴结钙化27例。结论多层螺旋CT多种重建方法的结合应用,可以明确显示病变的发生部位及支气管腔狭窄或阻塞,有利于支气管内膜结核的诊断及治疗评价。     

多排螺旋CT在胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值

目的通过研究多排螺旋CT（MSCT）对胃癌术前分期诊断的准确性并与术后病理结果比较,探索其在确定胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值。方法60例胃癌患者术前行MSCT检查,将原始资料进行TNM分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照。结果螺旋CT对胃癌T、N、M分期的准确率分别为80.00%、68.33%和83.33%。结论螺旋CT对胃癌的术前TNM分期可提供较高的准确率,能有效地指导手术方案的选择。     

脂溶性红色素课题的薄层色谱法快速鉴别

目的:建立中药材(饮片)中非法添加5种脂溶性红色素(苏丹Ⅰ、苏丹Ⅱ、苏丹Ⅲ、苏丹Ⅳ、猩红808)的薄层色谱快速筛查的通用方法.方法:采用硅胶G预制薄层板,采用环己烷-乙酸乙酯(9:1)的展开后,再以石油醚(60~90℃)-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸(9:1:1)展开.结果:在该色谱条件下5种脂溶性红色素(苏丹Ⅰ、苏丹Ⅱ、苏丹Ⅲ、苏丹Ⅳ、猩红808)呈类紫红色斑点,有较好分离度,在中药材及饮片中的最低检出限分别为0.5,0.5,1.0,0.5,0.5,0.5μg.结论:本方法快速简便,经济灵敏,可用于中药材及饮片中非法添加脂溶性红色素的检验.