透视导航下经皮螺钉置入内固定髋臼骨折18例

背景：移位的髋臼骨折常需要切开复位内固定手术治疗。广泛的手术暴露可以产生许多并发症。经皮螺钉置入内固定髋臼骨折可以减少这些并发症。计算机辅助透视导航技术可以提高螺钉固定的精确度以及减少X射线透视的时间。 目的：评估在透视导航指引下经皮螺钉置入内固定髋臼骨折的临床应用结果。 方法：使用C臂透视导航设备对伴有20个髋臼损伤的18例患者行导航下髋臼骨折经皮螺钉置入内固定。采集图像后在导航下按照损伤部位分为髋臼前柱骨折和髋臼后柱骨折,分别采用不同的空心螺钉固定。置入后第2天开始进行静力性肌肉收缩以及限制性主动和被动关节活动,4周后开始部分负重锻炼。观察螺钉置入时间,验证螺钉位置偏差,观察螺钉生物相容性及置入后不良反应,随访时进行d Aubigne and Postel评分。 结果与结论：放置空心螺钉30枚。置入中每枚空心螺钉放置平均时间为24.1 min,X射线图像采集平均27.6 s。将导航下图像与真实C臂机射片进行对照,螺钉置入后验证位置平均偏差为1.5 mm,平均偏差角度为2.25°。置入后1例患者出现股神经损伤症状,2个月后恢复,该神经症状与髋臼骨折使用有限切开复位有关,与螺钉置入固定无关。置入后无感染及内固定失败。d Aubigne and Postel评分优13例,良4例,一般1例,优良率94%。结果证实,对于无移位或移位后能够闭合复位或有限切开复位的髋臼骨折透视导航下经皮螺钉置入内固定技术能够成为一种安全有效的骨折固定方法。     

出境留学生入学相关医学健康咨询问题的探讨

通过总结多个国家和地区对出境留学生入学前健康状况评估和/或预防接种的不同要求,对出境留学生健康评估和/或预防接种过程中的评估内容、评估重点、注意事项等进行探讨,为如何做好出境留学生医学健康咨询工作提供参考。     

人主动脉瓣间质细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及表型分析

目的 建立人主动脉瓣间质细胞体外培养方法并鉴定其形态、类型及膜表面分子分布。方法 将瓣膜置换术中获取的畸形瓣膜及风心病瓣膜内皮层剥除,用I型胶原酶消化后铺养。光镜下观察细胞的形态,将其以抗人α-平滑肌肌动蛋白抗体及核染色双标记后,以激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞的类型。以抗干扰素(IFN)-γ受体单抗及抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α受体单抗标记细胞后,用流式细胞术分析细胞膜分子的分布。 结果 分离培养的主动脉间质细胞主要为肌成纤维细胞。畸形瓣膜和风心病瓣膜表面IFN-γ受体及TNF受体的分布状态不同。结论 成功地建立了体外培养瓣膜间质细胞的方法,并发现来源不同的间质细胞膜表面分子的分布迥异。     

登革出血热的常识问答

登革出血热的定义是什么? 人感染登革病毒后可引起一系列的疾病,从轻微的非典型病毒症候群到严重的出血性疾病和死亡,疾病的严重出血形式就称为登革出血热(DHF)和登革休克综合征(DSS)。 目前已知的病毒种类有哪些? 病毒有4种血清型,分别称为DEN-1、DEN—2、DEN—3、DEN—4。     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.     

髓内钉远端十字交锁法治疗胫骨多段骨折

目的探讨应用髓内钉远端十字交锁治疗胫骨多段骨折的方法和疗效。方法对16例胫骨多段骨折采用闭合复位髓内钉远端十字交锁固定,并随访观察6～18个月,平均10.6个月。结果16例病人骨折全部愈合。骨折愈合时间为12～20周,平均15.5周,无骨折畸形愈合和感染病例发生,无内固定断裂。结论髓内钉远端十字交锁法扩大了髓内钉在胫骨多节段骨折中的应用范围,手术创伤小、固定牢靠、是治疗胫骨多段骨折的有效方法。     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.     

内毒素致兔肝线粒体膜磷脂含量改变及阳离子A的拮抗效应

目的： 采用内毒素血症兔实验模型，研究肝线粒体膜磷脂含量的改变及阳离子A的拮抗效应。方法: 将48只日本大耳白兔随机分为正常对照组(Ⅰ组)、内毒素组(Ⅱ组)和阳离子A拮抗组(Ⅲ组)。3组同时进行相应处理后，分别在第3、7 h 测定各组肝线粒体膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)的含量变化。结果: Ⅱ组中PC、PE、PS、PI含量在第 3 h、7 h 均低于Ⅰ组，差异极显著(P<0.01)；而Ⅲ组中4种磷脂的含量在第 3 h、7 h 又均高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05, P<0.01)。结论: 内毒素致使兔肝线粒体膜磷脂含量降低，而阳离子A一定程度上具有对内毒素的拮抗作用和对肝线粒体膜的保护效应。     

rhGM-CSF作为成人乙肝疫苗无(弱)应答者免疫佐剂初探

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) as adjuvant on immune response in adults of non-and hyporesponders to hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Those who were once immunized with recombined yeast gene hepatitis B vaccine more than one standard scheme in two years and negative for hepatitis B markers were randomly sorted as group A and group B. 33 adults of group A were given hepatitis B vaccine 10 μg each time. The immune procedure was O, 1 and 6month. 34 adults of group B were given rhGM-CSF 300 μg for the first day, then 10 μg each time for routine immune. The blood samples were collected before the first injection and in 1, 2 and 8 months (T1, T2, TS)following the first injection to test Anti-HBs. Results Anti-HBs positive conversion rates of group A and B at T8 was 39.39% and 64.71% respectively(P=0.038). Anti-HBs levels of group B at TI, T2, T8 were(113.85±198.56) mIU/ml, (312.40±349.44) mIU/ml, (427.74±411. 58) mIU/ml (P=0.001). There was significant difference between group A and B in T8 Anti-HBs levels(P=0.010). Conclusion Better immune response was found in the group of rhGM-CSF with hepatitis B vaccine. So rhGM-CSF can induce the immune respond to hepatitis B vaccine.     

骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折髓内固定及术后康复训练

目的回顾用股骨髁上逆向交锁髓内钉治疗骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折后功能锻炼的方法与效果。方法应用股骨髁上逆向交锁髓内钉治疗19例患者,均为平地跌倒。新鲜骨折18例(开放骨折3例),女性55岁以上12例,男性65岁以上7例,BMDt值在-2.5s以下。按AO分类为:A型2例,B型1例,C型16例。骨折均用股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉固定。陈旧性骨折合并膝关节僵硬者同时行膝关节粘连松解。术后患者经CybexII 机辅助的关节功能牵引和等速训练。结果19例正规功能锻炼患者随访6个月以上,骨折愈合时间平均6个月(3～12个月)。按Kolmert功能评定标准,优良16例(84.2%),一般2例(10.5%),差1例(5.3%)。结论股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉操作简便、固定牢靠、锁钉定位准确,术后早期正规的功能锻炼辅以药物治疗,对骨质疏松性骨折患肢功能恢复、提高生活质量有显著意义。