2008年重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病区环境氟调查分析

Objective To find out the distribution pattern of environmental fluoride in the coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures in Chongqing. Methods According to historical data in Chongqing In 2008, 4 endemic villages(Lingyun and Lizi Villages of Wushan County, and Taiping and Daqing Villages of Pengshui County) and 2 non-endemic villages (ShuangLou and XianLong Villages of Yongchuan County) were investigated. Dental fluorosis of children in 8 to 12 year old and residents over 16 years of age for clinical skeletal fluorosis were examined in four endemic villages. Five households from each of 6 villages were taken, where 500 g of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, coal cinder, soil were sampled; 15 people were taken in each village, each household gathering 500 g of corn, rice, potatoes, vegetables, grain and vegetable, 100 g of dried pepper and 250 ml of drinking water were sampled from 15 families of each village. Household drinking water samples were collected 1, each 250 ml. For those having tea-drinking habit, each household was collected 50 g of tea and 600 ml of drinking tea, the amount of fluoride were determined. Indoor and outdoor air was collected and measured in 5 households in each village. Results The detected rate of dental fluorosis of children in endemic areas was 74.65% (736/986). The detected rate of skeletal fluorosis of adult was 7.20%(736/986). The average fluoride content of coal, mixed clay with coal, mixed coal of soil, cinder coal, soil in the endemic villages was (310.56±209.46), (360.51±224.96), (293.62±65.15), (186.59±133.66), (497.54±294.70)mg/kg. The average fluoride content in non-endemic villages was (48.68±10.62), (275.66±62.69), (152.20±34.43), (209.14±188.66),269.98±58.21)mg/kg. The fluoride content level of endemic villages was significantly higher than that of non-endemic villages(t=7.67,31.54,5.82, 5.82, all P<0.05). The average fluoride content of drinking water, corn, pepper, flee, potato and vegetable in the endemic villages was (0.30±0.14)mg/L, (1.83±2.67), (23.50±91.80), (0.77±0.25), (0.44±0.11), (0.48±0.18)mg/kg, The average fluoride content in non-endemic village was (0.18±0.06)mg/L, (2.21±0.46), (2.82±2.51), (1.31±0.21), (0.64±0.41), (1.10±0.77)mg/kg. The fluoride content in drinking water and pepper in the endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the non-endemic villages(t=7.79, 2.33, all P<0.05). The fluoride content of rice, potato and vegetable in the non-endemic villages was significantly higher than that of the endemic villages(t=39.29,4.69,4.01, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference of fluoride content of tea and drinking tea between endemic villages[(99.41±55.83)mg/kg, (1.59±0.91)mg/L] and non-endemic villages[(79.95±43.78)mg/kg, (1.80±1.16)mg/L, t=1.01, 0.27, all P>0.05]. The amount of drinking tea in the endemic village[(1.45±0.68)L/d] was higher than that in non-endemic village[(1.00±0.47)L/d, t=4.27, P<0.05]. The average fluoride content of indoor air in the endemic village[(12.77±8.08)μg/m3] was higher than that in non-endemic village [(1.16±1.08)μg/m3, t=9.49, P<0.01]. There was no significant difference of fluoride content of outdoor air between endemic village and non-endemic village[(1.10±1.57), (0.39±0.31)μg/m3, t=2.01, P>0.05)]. Conclusions The fluoride source of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas are coal and mixed coal of soil in Chongqing. Fluoride enters into human bodies mainly via respiratory, not from food. Although fluoride is rich in pepper, people don't eat it, so reducing the fluoride content in indoor air is the principle measure. Drinking tea may be was one factor of endemic fluorosis, which needs to be further studied.     

尼泊尔地震后的卫生防疫工作策略及评估

目的 总结防疫组在尼泊尔地震后的卫生防疫工作并评估其效果,为今后类似条件下的涉外救灾工作提供参考。方法 收集、整理、分析各类监测数据和资料,进行相关的统计分析和效果评估。结果 对垃圾进行处理和环境进行消杀后,蝇密度控制在较低水平;对饮用水消毒后检测指标均合格;针对发热等症状累计监测719人次,未发现聚集性病例。结论 防疫组在尼泊尔震后开展的病媒生物监测及环境消杀、水质监测、症状监测和健康教育取得了良好的效果,今后应持续健全和完善国际救援的体系,加强国际合作,提高援外卫生防疫的能力。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱检测火锅底料中的苏丹染料Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ

目的:用高效液相色谱/离子阱质谱仪(HPLC/ION-TRAP-MS/MS)鉴定和检测火锅底料中苏丹染料Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。方法:样品经正己烷提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,用正己烷洗去脂肪后,再用二氯甲烷洗下苏丹染料,经浓缩至干,用甲醇溶解并定容,用ZORBAX Eclipse ODS C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm;5μm)分离,LC-ION-TRAP-MS检测。此方法能同时鉴定和检测苏丹Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。将已用HPLC法测定过的20件可疑样品;8件已检出苏丹Ⅰ和苏丹Ⅳ的阳性样品;1件加有苏丹Ⅰ和苏丹Ⅳ的加标样用该方法检测。结果:可疑样中有5件检测出苏丹Ⅰ和Ⅳ;阳性样中有2件仅检出苏丹Ⅳ而无苏丹Ⅰ,其余6件同HPLC法的检测结果;加标样中检测出的苏丹染料品种和量与加入品种和量相符。该方法的最低检出限分别为8.8×10-10g、4.3×10-9g、1.03×10-9g、3.35×10-10g,方法回收率为85%~95%,相对标准偏差RSD为4.56%~5.62%。结论:该方法灵敏、准确。     

重庆市居民超重与肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的了解重庆市居民超重与肥胖现状及主要影响因素。方法运用分层整群随机抽样方法及面对面询问调查,获得18岁及以上居民个人基本情况,体检获取身高、体重数据。采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法筛选超重肥胖相关影响因素。结果共调查4 183人,重庆市18岁及以上居民超重、肥胖率分别为27.0%,8.2%,超重、肥胖率均城市高于农村,女性高于男性。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析显示,城乡、性别、年龄、家庭人均年收入和体力活动是超重和肥胖的相关影响因素。结论重庆市居民超重、肥胖率较高,必须采取平衡膳食、增加体力活动和开展健康教育等措施进行综合防治。     

老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与血脂、血糖的关系

目的探讨老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生与血脂、血糖的关系。方法应用德国西门子G60s彩色多普勒超声仪，分别对150例老年啮梗死患者（脑梗死组）和50例非脑梗死患者（对照组）的颈动脉进行检测，观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生与血糖、血脂的关系。结果脑梗死组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率为84％，对照组为24％，两组差异有统计学意义。脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于颈总动脉分叉处。高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高是老年颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的危险因素。结论对老年脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查，及早发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块并积极控制危险因素有重要意义。     

双份饭法测定重庆某高校大学生钙、铁和锌膳食摄入水平

[目的]了解某高校在校大学生Ca、Fe和Zn3种营养素膳食实际摄入水平。[方法]随机抽取男、女学生各60名,采用双份饭法收集调查对象三餐饭菜,湿法消化,用原子吸收分光光度法测定出膳食中Ca、Fe和Zn3种元素含量。[结果]男生日人均摄入量分别为Ca为166.18mg、Fe为19.28mg、Zn为6.71mg;女生日人均摄入量分别是:Ca为103.11mg、Fe为15.66mg、Zn为4.90mg。[结论]大学生Ca、Zn膳食摄入量大大低于推荐膳食摄入量,Fe的摄入基本达到推荐量,但Ca、Fe和Zn缺乏的风险和缺乏的程度有待进一步评估。     

双酚S通过诱导神经胶质瘤细胞干性维持增强替莫唑胺抵抗的机制探讨

目的 探讨双酚S(BPS)在神经胶质瘤细胞干性维持中的作用,及其与替莫唑胺(TMZ)抵抗的关系。方法 以BPS刺激神经胶质瘤U251细胞,必要时以TMZ处理细胞,细胞成球实验检测细胞成球能力;平板克隆实验观察细胞克隆形成能力;MTT实验观察细胞存活能力;蛋白印迹和/或免疫荧光实验检测细胞CD133和SOX-2蛋白表达。结果 与对照组(Control组)相比,BPS(0.1、1、10μM)处理后,U251细胞干细胞球直径明显增加,干细胞球数量也显著增加(P<0.05)。BPS(0.1、1、10μM)处理明显增强U251细胞克隆形成能力(P<0.01)。BPS(10μM)显著上调U251细胞CD44和CD133蛋白表达(P<0.01)。BPS(10μM)处理显著抵抗TMZ诱导的细胞活力降低(P<0.05)。结论 BPS在神经胶质瘤细胞干性维持中发挥作用,该作用可能与TMZ抵抗有关。     

颅内罕见巨大脑膜瘤一例

患者女,30岁,主因间断头痛半年加重1个月入院。入院查体：神志清,语言欠流利,反应略迟钝,精神可,头颅无畸形,头皮静脉呈蚯蚓状扩张,双侧瞳孔正大等圆,光反射存在,眼动自如,视力检查：左眼0．8,右眼0．6,双眼视野无缺损。眼底检查：眼底静脉充盈扩张、搏动消失,眼底微血管出血,视盘水肿2个屈光度。心肺腹部检查未见异常,右侧肢体肌力正常,左侧肢体肌力Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。     

重庆市2009年蔬菜、水果、新鲜食用菌、茶叶农药残留监测结果分析

目的了解2009年重庆地区的常见42种农药残留量、分布、种类以及违禁农药的使用情况。方法对重庆市渝中、沙坪坝等19个区县的当地农贸市场和超市,共计330件样品进行了采样检测。结果市售食品中新鲜食用菌、水果和茶叶的总体污染不严重,蔬菜总体污染较严重,有的同时检出几种农药,19个区县中有16个区县都检出违禁农药。结论加强监管和管理力度,普及农民安全用药知识,同时制定有效的处罚措施,控制一些持久性有机磷杀虫剂过度使用和违禁农药在蔬菜、水果、新鲜食用菌和茶叶上的使用,以确保重庆市民的健康。     

气相色谱法同时测定食品中六六六、滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇残留量

目的：建立同时测定蔬菜、水果、茶叶、食用植物油等食品中六六六、滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇的方法。方法：先用有机溶剂将食品中六六六、滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇等残留物提取出来，再经浓硫酸磺化后采用气相色谱法测定。结果：该方法能很好地将4种六六六异构体、4种滴滴涕异构体和三氯杀螨醇分离开，三氯杀螨醇的加标回收率在84．0％～95．0％，相对测量不确定度小于10％，最低检出量为0．01ng。结论：该方法能同时测定食品中六六六、滴滴涕和三氯杀螨醇残留量。