精神分裂症患者阴性症状与语音情绪识别、述情障碍的关系

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者的阴性症状与语音情绪识别、述情障碍的关系。方法:选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者135例,年龄和受教育年限相匹配的正常对照73例。使用语音情绪识别任务、多伦多述情障碍量表和阴性症状自评量表进行测评。结果:精神分裂症组对不同情绪(愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、悲伤、惊讶和讽刺)的正确识别率均低于正常对照组(均P <0.05)。患者组述情障碍的难以识别情绪、难以描述情绪因子和总分高于对照组(均P <0.05)。述情障碍量表的总分及3个因子与阴性症状自评量表(SNS)得分呈正相关(r=0.31-0.51,均P <0.05),而悲伤、和惊奇与SNS得分呈负相关(r=-0.18、-0.21,均P <0.05)。逐步回归分析显示,难以描述情绪因子与SNS得分正向关联(β=1.26),悲伤情绪因子得分与SNS得分负向关联(β=-0.59)。结论:本研究提示精神分裂症患者存在语音情绪识别障碍和述情障碍,且阴性症状的严重程度与语音情绪识别和述情障碍的关系密切。     

吸烟对精神分裂症认知和临床症状及药物不良反应的影响

de Leon和Diaz[1]的meta分析结果显示,精神分裂症患者吸烟行为非常普遍,吸烟率约为40%～90%,明显高于正常人群和其他精神疾病人群.     

吸烟对精神分裂症认知和临床症状及药物不良反应的影响

de Leon和Diaz[1]的meta分析结果显示,精神分裂症患者吸烟行为非常普遍,吸烟率约为40%～90%,明显高于正常人群和其他精神疾病人群.     

首发精神分裂症患者糖代谢异常病例对照研究

目的 探讨首发精神分裂症患者糖代谢的异常情况及影响因素.方法 符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的首发精神分裂症住院患者54例,使用阳性和阴性症状量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、临床总体印象量表评估患者精神症状及严重程度,同时选择51名正常人为对照.所有研究对象均检测空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度并行口服葡萄糖耐量实验,同时测量身高、体重并计算体质量指数(BMI).结果患者组空腹血糖浓度[(5.0±0.7)mmoL/L]显著高于正常对照组[(4.0±0.5)mmoL/L],服糖后2 h血糖浓度[(6.5±1.9)mmoL/L]显著高于正常对照组[(4.4±1.4)mmoL/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.5,P<0.05;t=4.8,P<0.05).患者组空腹血糖受损者2例(3.7%),对照组为0例(0%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者组糖耐量异常者10例(18.9%),对照组0例(0%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.6,P<0.05).糖耐量正常与异常的患者在精神症状、病情严重程度等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).未见血糖与年龄、病程、首发年龄、BMI、血脂、精神症状评分等因素相关(P>0.05).结论 首发精神分裂症患者存在糖代谢异常,提示精神分裂症和糖代谢异常之间可能有潜在的相关性.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

吸烟对精神分裂症男性患者精神病理症状的影响

Objective To compare the differences of psychopathologic symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in chronic and first-episode,drug-nalve schizophrenics.then it was attempted to explain the reasons why there is higher rate of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.Methods In all.427 male chronic schizophrenic patients(332 smokers and 95 non-smokers)and 63 male first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia(22 smokers and 41 non-smokers)were collected.All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results In chronic patients.the item scores of poor rapport and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers(3.9 ±1.5 vs.4.4±1.7;3.6±1.6 vs.4.0±1.7.respectively,P＜0.05),and so was the total scores of PANSS negative subscale(24.0±8.2 vs.26.3±9.5).In first-episode.drug-ndive patients.the itern scores of emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal of PANSS negative subscale were significant lower in smokers than non-smokers(2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.3:2.7±1.3 vs.3.5±1.4,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion It is suggested there are positive effects of cigarette smoking on the psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia,which misht be one of the mechanisms for higher rates of smoking behavior in schizophrenia.     

维生素E治疗迟发性运动障碍的效果及可能机制

目的观察维生素E(Vit E)治疗精神分裂症伴随的迟发性运动障碍(TD)的效果及可能的机制。方法将80例TD患者随机分成两组,每组40例,分别采用安慰剂(对照组)、Vit E(治疗组,剂量为1200IU/d)治疗12周。在治疗始末分别进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、异常不自主运动量表(AIMS)评定;并予分光光度法测定治疗前后血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果 1对照组治疗前后AIMS单项分及总评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组AIMS除表情肌、全身单项评分外,其余各项分值及总评分均下降(P0.05)。2Vit E可升高SOD活性[治疗前(85.8±18.3)U/ml、治疗后(101.5±25.1)U/ml]、CAT活性[治疗前(1.8±1.1)U/ml、治疗后(3.1±2.1)U/ml]、GSH-Px活性[治疗前(106.8±28.3)U/ml、治疗后(133.1±31.0)U/ml],降低MDA水平[治疗前(13.2±6.7)nmol/ml、治疗后(8.6±5.5)nmol/ml](P0.05);安慰剂则对上述指标无明显影响(P0.05)。结论 Vit E能有效改善TD症状,氧化应激可能是TD发病与演进的重要因素。     

80后和＂80前＂市民思想道德状况比较分析

目的 通过对＂80后＂和＂80前＂公民思想道德状况调查,为在公民中开展思想道德教育提供针对性建议.方法 采用＂公民思想道德调查问卷＂,对我国改革开放前后出生的城市公民思想道德状况进行调查.本调查共纳入研究对象275名,其中＂80后＂195名,＂80前＂80名,比较2组人员在问卷各条目选择答案的比例.结果 ＂80后＂与＂80前＂相比,在信仰是人的精神支柱、在日常生活中做到不讲脏话、是否反感考试作弊行为、你认为自己的诚信如何、你遇到与道德相悖的事情、你认为现今年轻人最重要的能力6个条目的 回答或选择上差异显著（P〈0.05）;在爱国主义、法律意识等8个条目的 选择上2组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）.结论 ＂80后＂在大是大非问题上有较清醒的认识,而且与＂80前＂相比更为诚实、敢于言行;就业或生活压力是导致＂80后＂忽视思想道德素质的重要因素之一.