以各期犬钩虫为对象探索伊维霉素对钩虫感染的疗效

本研究用各期犬钩虫作为靶子,探测了广谱新驱虫剂伊维霉素(ivermectin)治疗钩虫感染的效果。以100、50、30或10μg/kg一次单剂量口服,为有中度及重度犬钩虫感染(虫卵计数EPG 7100～35000)的犬驱虫的结果显示,所有这些单剂量都有净除全部虫体的效果。治疗后第1天排出的虫体数即占受染犬肠道内虫体总数之97.8％。第4天将犬处死作解剖时,在犬肠道内未发现有虫体存留。相反,用阿苯达唑治疗     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE MONGOLIAN JIRD MODEL OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Seventy-seven Mongolian jirds Merioes ungui- culatus) were inoculated by gavage with Giardia lamblia cysts isolated from the stool of an infected child. Cyst excretion, trophozoite distribution and the pathological changes in the small intestines of the infected jirds were studied. One (12.570) of 8 animals became infected with only 5 cysts. 104 cysts or more/jird was infectious in nearly all the animals. Most of infected animals (83To) excreted cysts inter- mittently. The latent period was related to the size of inoculum. Maximal cyst excretion usually occur- red at 16+5 days. In most jirds, no cysts coulds be found in stools 21+4 days after infection. The extent of trophozoite colonization and its distribu- tion in the small intestine varied with the duration of infection, but not with the number of Giardia found in the feces. No tissue invasion by G. lamblia was demonstrated, but histopathological lesions did occur. The reduction of the villi vs. crypts ratio may indicate that the small intestine villi were co vered with relatively immature enterocytes, which may partially account for the malabsorption in giar diasis.     

钩虫吸血问题研究 Ⅱ.宿主因钩虫吸血活动而失血的不同途径和所失血量

本文首次报导了钩虫在宿主肠道中的动态分布和活动规律,以及钩虫在吸血活动过程中使宿主丧失血液的各种不同途径和由之所导致的宿主失血量。     

某些理化因素对贾第虫包囊存活时间的观察

贾第虫病在我国分布甚广,感染率甚高,对儿童的健康危害甚重。仅吞食5～10个包囊即可使宿主受染。为探讨杀灭包囊的措施,我们进行如下的观察。 材料和方法 一、包囊来源和纯化 将取自有腹泻症状贾第虫病患者的新鲜粪便,反复水洗,双层纱布及G_1滤器过滤,制成2×10~4个包囊(活)/ml的悬液,置4℃     

斑点免疫结合试验诊断侵袭性阿米巴病

应用斑点免疫结合试验(DIA)检测64例侵袭性阿米巴病患者的血清阿米巴抗体,42例阿米巴肝脓肿和1例阿米巴肺脓肿患者均呈阳性反应,滴度分布为1:16～1:8192;21例肠阿米巴病(痢疾和肠炎)患者的抗体滴度为1:4～1:2048,其中19例阳性。139例对照中有3例呈阳性反应。和ELISA相比较,本试验节约抗原和材料,操作简便,适于一般实验室和流行病学调查现场应用。     

钩虫病综合性防治措施简要介绍

钩虫病的广泛流行,不但严重的危害了我国劳动人民的身体健康,由于它降低了千百万人的劳动效率,更有碍于我国工农业经济的发展。为了保护人民的健康和促进社会主义的经济建设,消灭钩虫病是完全必要的。在技术上将依靠什么来达到消灭钩虫病的目的呢?扼要的说就是“综合性防治措施”。钩虫病的综合性防治措施,主要包括三个重要方面:第一是粪便管理,第二是患者治疗,第三是个人防护,兹分别扼要的介绍如次:     

伊维菌素

1975年在日本静冈地区的土壤中发现一种新型放线菌,后经 Burg 等人鉴定,此菌属于链霉菌属,被命名为 Streptomyces averrnitilis。Burg 等从 S.avermitilis 的发酵培养液中提取出一组称为 Avermeetin(AVM)的16元大环内酯类抗生素。此类抗生素无抗细菌活性,但有极强的抗线虫和节肢动物作用。伊维菌素(Iver-mectin)是 AVM 的衍生物,具有高效、低毒、抗虫谱广等特点。现将其化学结构、作用机理、体内代谢、应用概况等综述如下。     

BLOOD SUCKING ACTIVITIES OF HOOKWORMS ROUTES AND QUANTITIES OF BLOOD LOSS IN ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM, A DUODENALE AND A CEYLANICUM INFECTIONS*

In vivo continuous observations made se- parately on 41 female and 19 male worms of Ancylostoma caninum reveal that the average volume of blood sucked by each female or male worm from infected dogs was 43.1 (+39.6) and 12.9 yi/24 hr. There was always further bleed- ing from the mucosal la.ceration at the site of attachment while the worm was sucking ac- tively. Separate observations made on 35 lacera- tions induced by female and 14 by male worms of A caninum reveal that the blood Jost averages 46.1 (+39.1) and 15.8 ul/24 hr/laceration for fe- male and male worms. The volume of blood loss through two routes correlates closely, the coefficient being 0.618. As only about 42'70 0f the worm population actively suck at a given time, it seems logical to adjust these Z sets of figures with a coefficient 4270. Observations are made on 37 female and 13 male worms of A caninum to ascertain the quantity of blood lost from the wound when the worm moves on to a new site, the values obtained are l.5 and 0.3 L1l/24 hr/worm for female and male worms. A considerable amount of blood is also lost through "extensive intestinal hemorrhage" which occurs occasionally. In generaj, the amount of blood lost through bleeding external to the worm is greater than that lost through the hookworm. Preliminary studies on A duodenale a.nd A cey- lanicum supplement the impressions gained on A caninum.