秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

秦山核电站运行对上海环境放射性影响评价

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.     

上海市2008年肿瘤放射治疗现状

[目的]掌握上海市肿瘤放射治疗的基本现状和发展趋势。[方法]设计统一调查表,普查上海市开展肿瘤放射治疗的29家医疗机构的基本现状,调查29家医疗机构2008年施行肿瘤放射治疗的治疗例数及其分布。[结果]上海市开展放射治疗业务的医疗机构有放射治疗用病床1001张;从事放射治疗的医师221人,物理师69人,其他技术人员197人,护士145人;共拥有放射治疗设备142台,其中医用加速器34台,X射线刀9台,γ射线刀2台。上海市放射治疗年频率为1．26例／千人口。以脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、食道癌居多。男性患者比女性患者多29％。〉40岁年龄组的放射治疗频率高达1．64例,千人口。放射治疗靶区总处方剂量因疾病种类而异,典型值在20-70Gy。[结论]上海市2008年肿瘤放射治疗的医疗照射频率比1998年有所增加,肿瘤放射治疗的质量保证十分重要。     

上海市部分放射工作人员外照射个人剂量水平分析

[目的]了解上海市2002~2004年部分不同放射工种工作人员的外照射个人剂量水平。[方法]采用热释光剂量测量方法对由上海市疾病预防控制中心直管从事放射性核素与射线装置工作单位的放射工作人员进行外照射个人剂量水平监测,共5627人次。[结果]3年间人均年有效剂量为0.551mSv·a-1,γ射线工业探伤工种人均年有效剂量水平最高为0.815mSv·a-1,但各工种的剂量水平普遍低于全市和全国平均水平。[结论]放射工作人员的年有效剂量均低于国家规定的剂量限值20mSv·a-1。     

上海市放射诊疗设备资源调查和分析

目的 掌握上海市放射诊疗设备资源数量、结构和分布,为进一步优化配置提供依据。方法 以调查表形式进行上海市医疗机构全覆盖调查。结果 上海市各级医疗机构共有放射诊疗设备1937台,其中X射线影像诊断91.79%、介入放射学2.74%、核医学2.84%、放射治疗2.63%,上海市民平均每万人拥有放射诊疗设备1.42台。上海市区X射线影像诊断设备数是郊区的1.45倍,介入放射学设备数是郊区的2.79倍,核医学设备是郊区的5.11倍,放射治疗设备是郊区的3.25倍。结论 上海市放射诊疗设备数较多,但市区与郊区间分布不均衡。     

上海市2007年X射线诊断的医疗照射剂量水平

[目的]掌握当前上海市各主要类型x射线诊断检查的剂量水平。[方法]根据x射线诊断设备种类、应用发展趋势及医院级别的差异,分别抽查约3％的普通x射线机和约25％的计算机X射线摄影、数字化X射线摄影以及x射线计算机断层扫描（x—cT）机,通过布放热释光剂量计测量成年人在不同检查方式和体位的入射体表剂量;利用标准的X—CT剂量模体和电离室测量不同扫描条件下的CT剂量指数,进而估算受检者的有效剂量。[结果]X射线摄影所致受检者的入射体表剂量平均值的变化范围为0．13～4．35mGy,其中手部摄影最低、腰椎侧位摄影最高。胸部透视时胸部表面的平均剂量为3．79mGy。胆囊和尿路造影以及上消化道钡餐和钡灌肠检查的受检者上腹部体表的平均剂量最大,分别为30．24、30．97、25．28、23．02mGy;消化道钡餐检查时胸部体表的平均剂量为24．27mGy,钡灌肠检查时下腹部体表的平均剂量为21．62mGy。头部X-CT扫描时受检者的平均有效剂量为（0．58±0．22）mSv,体部x—CT扫描时受检者的平均有效剂量为（5．18±1．92）mSv。[结论]较全面地得到了当前上海市主要类型x射线诊断所致受检者的剂量水平,可为推动进一步完善x射线诊断的医疗照射指导（参考）水平和加强受检者防护提供重要资料。     

上海轨道交通3号、5号线氡浓度调查与评价

上海轨道交通1、2号线相继投入运营后,3、5号线也分别于2002年和2004年建成通车.为了解3、5号线车站的氡水平,笔者对其浓度进行了测试.     

秦山核电站运行状态下的上海金山地区环境放射性影响评价与居民所受剂量估算

[目的]评价秦山核电站运行15年间上海市金山地区环境放射性水平和居民所受剂量. [方法]通过现场监测和采样分析方法对上海市金山地区室外环境与饮用水、食品、土壤等环境介质中的放射性水平进行监测.[结果]室外天然辐射水平与环境介质中的放射性水平属正常本底范围,核电站运行前后金山地区环境放射性水平无明显变化,环境介质中的放射性水平低于国家标准限制浓度;居民受室外天然辐射外照射所致剂量为0.098mSv/a,经由膳食摄入人工放射性核素90Sr、137Cs所致居民内照射剂量为0.491μSv/a. [结论]秦山核电站运行15年所释放的放射性物质未对上海地区环境放射性水平和居民健康产生影响.     

上海市9个区放射诊疗机构放射工作人员健康状况调查

[目的]了解上海市9个区(即原市区范围)放射诊疗机构中放射工作人员健康状况,研究剂量与健康效应指标之间的相关性.[方法]利用调查表法对上海市9个区的放射诊疗机构中的2086名放射工作人员进行调查.[结果]上海市9个区放射诊疗机构放射工作人员2001～2005年平均累积剂量为0.72mSv.接工种划分,以介入放射工作人员最高,达到1.56 mSv,牙科放射工作人员最低,为0.43mSv(P<0.05).各工龄组间年平均累积剂量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).介入放射工作人员血红蛋白、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数的异常率分别为33.33%(P<0.05)、40.91%(P>0.05)和45.45%(P>0.05),较其他工种略高.年平均累积剂量与白细胞数(r=0.061,P=0.017)和血小板教(r=0.098,P=0.000)之间存在正相关.[结论]上海市区放射诊疗工作人员在2001～2005年期间所受职业照射剂量较低,但工种间存在差异(P<0.05);介入放射工作人员部分血液学指标异常率较其他工种高;年平均累积剂量与部分血液学指标之间存在一定的相关性.