腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术后排尿功能和性功能的比较

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术后排尿功能和性功能的差异.方法 前瞻性非随机对比2008年6月至2009年7月122例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(LS组)和74例开腹直肠癌根治术(OS组)后排尿功能和性功能的差异.结果 LS组和OS组术后排尿功能障碍发生率分别为5.7%(7/122)和8.1%(6/74),男性术后勃起功能障碍发生率分别为16.7%(8/48)和20.7%(6/29),男性术后射精功能障碍发生率分别为20.8%(10/48)和20.7%(6/29),女性术后性功能障碍发生率分别为37.5%(12/32)和42.9%(9/21),差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术不会增加患者术后排尿功能和性功能障碍的发生率.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术疗效分析

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer. Methods From September 2000 to December 2004, 99 patients with colorectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection (laparoscopic group) and 198 patients with colorectal cancer underwent open radical resection (open group) at the Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The differences in local recurrence and survival between the two groups were compared. The local recurrence of tumors and survival of patients in the two groups were calculated by the life-table method, and were compared by the Wilcoxon (Gehan) test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The recurrence interval and survival time of the two groups were compared by non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the laparoscopic group were both 3.0% and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.0% (3/99). The 2-and 3-year local recurrence rates in the open group were 2.6% and 4.0% , respectively, and the overall local recurrence rate was 3.5% (7/198), with no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =0.002, P > 0. 05). The median survival time of patients with local recurrence was 15 months (range, 7-24 months) in the laparoscopic group and 11 months (range, 2-28 months) in the open group, with no significant difference between the groups (U = 15. 500, P >0. 05). The 1-year survival rate was 33.3% in the laparoscopic group and 42.9% in the open group. The 2-year survival rate was zero in the laparoscopic group and 42. 9% in the open group. There were no significant differences between the groups for the 1-and 2-year survival rates (χ2 =0.120, P>0.05). Conclusions The efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is similar to that of open surgery. Laparoscopic radical resection for colorectal cancer is safe and feasible, and does not increase the recurrence rate of cancer.     

浆膜受侵的结直肠癌术后腹腔化疗联合静脉化疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy to systemic chemotherapy alone for serosa-involved colorectal cancer. Methods According to the criteria of serosa-involving in colorectal cancer, 332 cases were divided into 2 groups prospectively without randomization. Study group (n=166) was treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy, and control group (n=166) with systemic chemotherapy alone. Incidence of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis, hepatic metastasis, other distant metastasis and 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of two groups were compared. Results 3-year and 5-year OS rates of stage Ⅱ B in study group were similar to those in control group (χ2=0.612,P=0.434). The above rates of stage Ⅲ in study group were higher than those in control group (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Either the study group or the control group, the 3-year and 5-year OS rates of patients undergone laparoscopic surgery or open surgery were similar (P=0.839, P=0.172). Incidences of local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis in study group were 1.9%, 3.8% and 3.8% respetively, lower than those in control group (8.2%,9.5% and 10.1%,P<0.05). Distant metastasis rate in study group was similar to that in control group. In study group, intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen with Oxaliplatin had lower rates of peritoneal metastasis and hepatic metastasis as compared to that with Cisplatin (0.9% vs 8.8% ,P=0.019), while the incidences of local recurrence and other distant metastasis were similar. Conclusions Postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy improves 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates in patients with stage Ⅲ serosa-involved colorectal cancer, and decreases local recurrence, peritoneal metastasis and liver metastasis rate, especially when intraperitoneal chemotherapy regimen contains Oxaliphtin. Comparing with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery dose not improve 3-year and S-year overall survival rates in patients receiving combined chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone.     

回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的临床观察(附15例报告)

目的:探讨应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的临床价值.方法:总结5年来应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术后吻合口瘘的15例患者临床资料.手术操作方法为在腔镜下完成低位/超低位吻合后,充分游离回盲部,扩大主操作孔至3cm,拉出回盲部,切除阑尾,经其残端向未段回肠置入气囊导尿管,气囊内注水至肠壁稍发白,于水囊远侧缘以可吸收线穿回肠系膜打一结扣,抽出水囊内液体,回盲部回纳腹腔,按原注水量打入气囊,确保水囊位于线结扣近端,尿管截口引出,盲肠壁与侧腹壁固定.结果:全组无吻合口瘘发生,早期1例粪便转流不够彻底,其余患者粪便转流彻底,无肠梗阻发生,无切口感染及癌种植,拔管后无粪漏及腹膜炎发生,无死亡病例.结论:应用回肠管状造瘘术预防腹腔镜下低位/超低位直肠前切除术吻合口瘘是可行的,粪便转流是彻底的.     

经盆腔途径肛提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术36例

目的评价对经肛提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术（ELAPE）的腹组操作进行改良——即在腹部操作过程中经盆腔途径直视下切断肛提肌治疗低位直肠恶性肿瘤的安全性、可行性及临床疗效。方法2010年1月到2013年3月,福建医科大学附属协和医院结直肠外科对36例低位直肠恶性肿瘤（距肛缘小于或等于5cm）患者行腹腔镜（26例）或开放（10例）手术中经盆腔途径行ELAPE术,术中可根据肛提肌受累情况个体化决定肛提肌切除范围：会阴部操作时无需翻转患者体位。总结该改良术式的初步应用结果。结果除开放手术者术中发生1例直肠穿孔外。其余患者术中均未发生相关并发症及中转手术。手术时间为（220．9±36．8）min,术中出血量为（121．6±99．7）ml。所有标本切断的肛提肌均附着在直肠系膜上,标本的环周切缘阳性率为5．6％（2／36）。术后随访2—27月,未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论经盆腔途径肛提肌外腹会阴联合直肠切除术操作简单、术中可个体化决定肛提肌切除范围、手术时间短和近期肿瘤学效果好。     

直肠癌新辅助治疗后行保直肠手术的争议和前景

直肠癌治疗有3个目标,一是通过治疗,最大程度降低盆腔局部复发率,降低至5%以下更佳;二是尽可能减少急性或慢性并发症;三是保留良好的括约肌功能和生命质量。直肠癌新辅助治疗后保直肠手术作为一个新理念,在施行过程中仍存在很多争议,包括筛选标准、新辅助治疗方案、治疗方式、并发症、肿瘤学预后及生命质量等。笔者查阅文献并结合自身实践经验,对上述问题展开讨论,旨在为新辅助治疗后行保直肠手术的推广提供参考。     

腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除手术技巧

2009版美国国家癌症综合网(NCCN)直肠癌临床实践指南中指出,手术治疗的原则仍以全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)为中低位直肠癌标准术式;而腹腔镜直肠癌根治术仍然限于临床研究,因为在技术上开腹或是腹腔镜下完成真正意义上的TME相当困难[1-2].其次,缺乏腹腔镜与开腹TME治疗中下段直肠癌预后的前瞻性随机对照研究.我们通过9年近400余例腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的实践与探索,自创了一种不易造成直肠系膜破损的TME--骶前隧道式分离法并取得了良好的疗效[3].     

直肠系膜的解剖特点及其在直肠癌切除术中的临床应用

目的　将直肠系膜的解剖特点应用于直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术中。方法　在标本上解剖观测直肠系膜、有关内脏神经丛及分支的定位 ,对 15 4例直肠癌患者进行术后局部复发率比较。结果　①直肠系膜中、上段较厚 ,下段逐渐变薄至 (2 .1± 1.2 )mm ,有 (1.5 9± 0 .4 7)cm长的系膜与直肠肌层连结紧密 ;②保肛组与非保肛组术后局部复发率分别为 4 .8%与 6 .5 %。结论　根据直肠系膜及内脏神经的解剖特点进行直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术 ,能明显地降低局部复发率和提高生存质量。