2008年福建省厦门市水源性高碘村及相邻村流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the current conditions of water iodine,childrens'iodine nutrition and residents'edible circumstance of iodized salt in the villages with high iodine in drinking water and the adjacent three villages in Xiamen city of Fujian province.Methods Four natural villages of Qianbian,Donglian,Dazhong and Dongshan of Xiangan county were chosen as survey spots in 2008.In each village,one running water sample and all well water samples were collected to obtain the benchmark for each location.All children aged 7-13 year in the four villages underwent thyroid palpation and were selected to measure the urine iodine and the salt iodine.The water iodine and urine iodine were determined by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry digestion,salt iodine was determined by direct titration.Results In four investigated villages,iodine of four running water samples were all 1.5μg/L.The range of 237 well water iodine samples was from 0.1 μg/L to 506.0 μg/L.There were 18.6% (44/237)specimens in which the well water iodine less than 10 μg/L,73.4%(174/237)between 10 μg/L and 150 μg/L and 8%(19/237)more than 150μg/L.The median of urinary iodine was 153.3 μg/L in 79 urine samples,which was 114%(9/79)more than 200μg/L and less than 300μg/L,12.7%(10/79)equal or more than 300 μg/L and less than 500μg/L,7.6%(6/79)equal or more than 500μg/L and less than 800 μg/L in all samples.Seventy-nine students were examined by palpation and the total goiter rate of children measured was 11.4% (9/79).Seventy-one samples of iodine salt were detected and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 77.5%(55/71).Conclusions The well water iodine contents have a wide distribution in the investigated villages.We should enhance the community awareness by educating them on the damage of iodine excess and iodine deficiency.     

2008年福建省厦门市水源性高碘村及相邻村流行病学调查

目的 了解福建省厦门市水源性高碘村及相邻村水碘、学生碘营养状况及家中食用盐含碘量,为制订科学防治措施提供依据.方法 2008年,在厦门市选择水源性高碘村翔安区洪前行政村前边村及相邻的东莲村、东山村、大中村共4个自然村为调查点,4个自然村每村各采集1份自来水厂末梢水样和村民家中的所有井水水样.测定水碘,按统一设计的登记表在采水样时同时记录采样点基本情况;对4个村7～13岁所有在校学生进行甲状腺触诊检查,并采集尿样和家中盐样,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘,采用直接滴定法测定盐碘.结果 在4个调查村,共采集4份自来水厂末梢水,水碘均为1.5μg/L;共有水井237 口,水碘范围为0.1～506.0μg/L;水碘<10μg/L的井占18.6%(44/237);水碘在10～150μg/L的井占73.4%(174/237);水碘>150μg/L的井占8%(19/237).共检测学生尿样79份,尿碘中位数为153.3μg/L.尿碘>200～<300 μg/L 的占11.4%(9/79),300～<500μg/L的占12.7%(10/79),500～<800μg/L的占7.6%(6/79).触诊法检查学生79名,甲状腺肿大率为11.4%(9/79);检测学生家中盐样71份,碘盐覆盖率为77.5%(55/71).结论 调查村井水水碘分布范围大;要针对不同人群分别采取宣传高碘危害和碘缺乏危害的知识,不断提高其健康意识.     

沿海产盐区与非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养与智力水平分析

目的 了解和比较沿海产盐区和非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况与智力水平,为采取针对性防治措施提供依据.方法 选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区的小学为调查点,8～10岁儿童为调查对象,调查其家中碘盐食用情况、尿碘含量、甲状腺肿大情况和智商水平.结果 产盐区和非产盐区儿童合格碘盐食用率分别为81.5%和98.6%;甲状腺肿大率分别为3.0%和0.7%,尿碘中位数分别为202.8 μg/L和238.4 μg/L,＜50 μg/L的比例分别为3.5%和1.0%.产盐区8～10岁儿童智商均明显低于非产盐区儿童;产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童;非产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童,9岁儿童智商明显高于10岁儿童.结论 补碘能提高儿童智商,降低智力损害.要坚持食用碘盐,开展对孕妇、哺乳妇的碘营养监测.     

厦门市2005年～2008年“盐民自用盐”监测分析

目的了解厦门市原产盐区居民食用"盐民自用盐"情况和"盐民自用盐"的质量。方法监测原产盐区"盐民自用盐"的碘盐覆盖率、非碘盐率和合格碘盐食用率,按GB/T13025.7-1999直接滴定法测定含碘量。结果共检测产盐区居民家中盐5580份,碘盐覆盖率为91.44%,非碘盐率为8.56%,合格碘盐食用率为89.27%,盐民的合格碘盐食用率三年多来一直在90%上下波动。结论对产盐区供应"盐民自用盐",有效遏制了私盐和非碘盐对碘盐市场的冲击,但非碘盐一直难以彻底杜绝。要继续加大打击非碘盐力度,进一步开展健康教育工作,确保人民群众食用合格碘盐。     

沿海产盐区与非产盐区18～45岁人群碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平研究

目的掌握厦门市沿海产盐区与非产盐区居民盐碘、18～45岁人群碘营养和甲状腺功能水平状况,为采取针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法选择沿海产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,调查居民合格碘盐食用率、18～45岁育龄期妇女和男性尿碘水平、甲状腺激素水平和海带、紫菜的摄入习惯。结果产盐区和非产盐区盐碘中位数均为27.21 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.33%和96.33%;18～45岁男性尿碘中位数分别为206.55μg/L和232.95μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为20.97%和10%;18～45岁育龄期妇女尿碘中位数分别为176.95μg/L和227.70μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为21.67%和25%;产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女的甲状腺激素TSH、Tg、FT3、FT4、TPOAb、TT3、TT4中位数均在正常值范围内;产盐区18～45岁男性的甲状腺功能亢进阳性率为3.4%、育龄期妇女的甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺减退症的阳性率均为1.67%,而非产盐区均为0。产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女中均有一定比例易患甲状腺免疫性疾病的人群。每月食用海带、紫菜的次数≥4次、1～3次和<1次的人尿碘组间比较无统计学差异。结论产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女碘营养总体处于适宜状态,应坚持食盐加碘措施,对育龄期妇女在婚前体检时开展常规碘营养水平和甲状腺功能检测。