中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

464名教职工幽门螺杆菌感染的流行病学研究

应用幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）尿素酶ＩｇＧ抗体（ＥＬＩＳＡ）的检测方法，对郑州和三门峡两市部分教职工ＨＰ感染状况及患病危险因素进行研究。     

提高卫生应急管理人员分析决策能力培训效果评价

目的评价提高卫生应急管理人员应对突发公共卫生事件分析决策能力培训效果。方法通过专业技能测试和问卷调查,比较培训前、培训后及随访时的专业技能水平及培训满意度,从教与学两个方面进行评价。结果通过培训,学员的专业技能水平有了明显提高,培训后的应急专业知识和自评价得分高于培训前的水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访结果显示,12个月后的应急专业知识和自评价得分与培训后相比出现轻微下降,但是差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与培训前的水平相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,超过85%的学员对培训效果和培训资源感到满意,提示教与学都达到了培训预期的目标和要求。结论提高卫生应急管理人员应对突发公共卫生事件分析决策能力的培训模式和方法可行有效,值得推广和应用。     

1195名大学生传染病基本知识知晓情况调查

目的了解在校大学生的常见传染病的知晓率,以便为开设大学生公共卫生知识课程和学校健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对某高校不同专业、不同年级1 195名在校大学生进行突发公共卫生事件防治知识问卷调查,并用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行分析。结果在校大学生甲型H1N1流感防治知识总体知晓率为71.04%,对常见传染病的知晓率为74.34%,不同专业、不同年级、不同性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。88.80%的大学生希望获得更多传染病相关的知识,电视和网络是大学生获取知识的主要途径。结论大学生对传染病基本知识的认知整体状况较好,但还存在部分问题,应高度重视大学生的心理健康状况,需要加强对大学生进行突发公共卫生事件的健康教育和宣传。     

HBV、HCV在原发性肝癌发生中的相互作用研究

为了解河南省原发性肝癌（PHC）发生中HBV、HCV的相互作用，我们应用ELISA法和PCR法对PHC患者及其1：1对照进行了HBV标志物（HBVM）和HCV标志物（HCVM）检测。结果：PHC患者HBVM阳性率为81．25％，对照组HBVM阳性率为9．60％，P＜0.01，OR=70（25．36，193．23）；PHC患者HCVM阳性率为19．79%，对照组HCVM阳性率为8.33％，P＜0.05，OR＝2．57（1．11，5．95）；PHC患者HBVM、HCVM双重阳性率为18．75％，对照组双重阳性率为1.04％，将HBVM和（或）HCVM阳性看成不同的暴露等级与HBVM和HCVM均阴性组进行比较，得到HBV和HCV双重感染时的OR值为83.65，明显高于两者分别感染的OR值（34．85和1．58）之积。结果提示：HBV、HCV在PHC的发生中有显著的病因协同作用。     

郑州市某医院2型糖尿病患者膳食多样化调查

膳食多样化调查作为评估膳食营养质量的一种工具,具有简单、易行等优点[1].Steyn等[2]、Azadbakht等[3]和Foote等[4]都曾根据自己的研究目的设计了不同的膳食多样化指标进行调查,均有效反映了某一人群的膳食营养质量.有研究[5]表明,膳食多样化与儿童生长发育、成人体质指数(BMI)以及某些慢性疾病均有一定的关系.对于糖尿病患者,合理饮食可以减轻胰岛负担,有效控制血糖和病情发展,改善脂代谢紊乱.为此,该调查中作者选择了膳食多样化方法评价2型糖尿病患者的膳食营养质量,报道如下.     

某省疾控机构人力资源现状分析与发展对策研究

目的了解某省三级疾病预防控制机构人力资源现状,为人力资源的合理配置提供科学依据和政策建议。方法通过调查问卷收集三级疾控机构工作人员个人资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对人力资源现状进行分析。结果该省三级疾控机构现有工作人员8371人,其中技术人员占70.71％;年龄构成呈纺锤型,以35-44岁和25-34年龄组为主,分别占34.33％和29.21％;学历以大专和中专为主,占80.57％;职称以中级为主,占44.86％;预防医学专业的人员比例不足1／5（19.44％）;不同单位之间人员素质得分不均衡,省级人员平均素质得分是市级的1.12倍,县,区级的1.39倍。结论合理配置卫生人才资源,要制定科学的人才发展规划、加大公共卫生投入,建立人力资源建设与发展的长效机制。     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

矮身材青少年体育锻炼状况及骨龄评定

由于儿童青少年的生长发育受遗传、环境等多种因素影响 ,不同个体在生长发育、成熟类型、最终生长发育水平等方面存在较明显的差异 ,尤其是体育锻炼对青少年的身高及骨骼发育更具有不可忽视的作用。目前国内外也有许多关于此方面的研究与报道[1 ] 。为进一步探讨体育锻炼与青少年身高发育的关系 ,笔者于 2 0 0 1年 3～ 4月对郑州市 4所中学的 1 2～ 1 6岁矮身材学生的体育锻炼状况和骨龄进行了评定。1　对象与方法1 .1　对象　对郑州市 4所中学 1 2～ 1 6岁所有在校学生 3 2 4 0人进行身高筛查 ,根据 2 0 0 0年《河南省学生体质与健康调查研…