早期乳腺癌的诊断和外科治疗进展

乳腺癌是危害妇女生命和健康的恶性肿瘤一。近年来,欧美发达国家的乳腺癌发病率持续升高,但是乳腺癌的死亡率开始出现下降趋势[1],这归功于乳腺癌的早期诊断和规范化、个体化的综合治疗。我国乳腺癌诊治的总体水平落后于欧美国家,但是随着乳腺癌二级预防的广泛开展和各种早期诊断技术的应用,早期乳腺癌所占比例越来越多,促使我们更加重视早期乳腺癌的综合治疗,实现乳腺癌     

大肠癌组织中HPV和C—erbB—2基因的检测及其关系研究

检测大肠癌组织中ＨＶＰ和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因，探讨大肠癌组织中ＨＰＶ的存在与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增之间的关系。方法 应用ＰＣＲ技术检测２１例大肠癌标本中ＨＰＶ及Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因。检测Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因同时进行差异ＰＣＲ，以确定Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因拷贝数的变化。     

乳腺癌抗血管生成治疗的研究进展

新生血管生成是恶性肿瘤的增殖过程中的关键步骤,因此抗血管生成已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要策略和研究热点。本文就乳腺癌抗肿瘤血管生成治疗的研究背景、应用现状、未来展望作一综述。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与乳腺癌化疗敏感性的关系

目的观察叶酸代谢的关键酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T、A1298C多态与乳腺癌患者对化疗敏感性的关系。方法收集经病理学确诊的晚期乳腺癌患者61例,所有病例化疗前抽静脉血,提取白细胞DNA,用PCR-RFLP技术检测MTHFR基因型。接受6种不同的化疗方案化疗。结果61例乳腺癌癌患者中,MTHFR C/C基因型17例(27.9%)、C/T 29例(47.5%)、T/T 15例(24.6%)。MTHFR A1298C A/A基因型42例(68.9%),17例(27.9%)A/C基因型,2例(3.3%)C/C基因型。化疗总有效率为67.2%(41/61),其中CR3例(4.9%),PR38例(62.3%),SD15例(24.6%),PD5例(8.2%)。6种化疗方案的有效率无统计学差异(P=0.397)。MTHFR C/C基因型、C/T基因型、T/T基因型的有效率分别为58.8%、58.6%、93.3%,T/T基因型患者的有效率显著高于C/C基因型(P=0.041)和C/T基因型患者(P=0.034)。MTHFR A1298C A/A基因型、A/C基因型、C/C基因型的有效率分别为71.4%、64.7%、0.0%,MTHFR A1298C A/A基因型患者的有效率与A/C基因型(P=0.756)、C/C基因型患者之间无统计学差异(P=0.096)。结论本研究初步结果显示MTHFR C677T基因多态性对预测乳腺癌化疗疗效具有较好的临床应用价值。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与乳腺癌新辅助化疗敏感性关系的研究探讨

目的研究叶酸代谢的关键酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因C677T、A1298C多态与乳腺癌患者对新辅助化疗敏感性的关系。方法收集经病理学或细胞学确诊的乳腺癌患者61例,均给予新辅助化疗。接受环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗方案（CAF）化疗34例,表阿霉素、紫杉醇联合化疗方案（AT方案）化疗27例。所有病例化疗前抽静脉血,提取白细胞DNA,用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术检测MTHFR基因型。化疗后均测量肿块大小进行疗效评价,手术均行病理检查,观察化疗反应分级情况。结果 61例乳腺癌患者中,使用CAF方案和AT方案的临床有效率分别为61.5%、75.0%,差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ~Ⅲ级化疗反应率分别为55.9%、74.1%,差异无统计学意义。携带MTHFR C677T T/T基因型、C/T基因型、C/C基因型的乳腺癌患者化疗的临床有效率分别为83.3%、72.4%、42.9%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级化疗反应率分别为83.3%、65.5%、35.7%。携带T/T基因型乳腺癌患者的临床有效率和Ⅰ~Ⅲ级化疗反应率均显著高于携带C/C基因型的患者,而与携带C/T基因型患者相比差异无统计学意义。携带MTHFR A1298C A/A基因型、A/C基因型、C/C基因型的乳腺癌患者化疗的临床有效率分别为70.5%、64.7%、0.0%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级化疗反应率分别为70.5%、47.1%、0.0%。携带MTHFR A1298C A/A基因型患者的临床有效率和Ⅰ~Ⅲ级化疗反应率与A/C及C/C基因型患者之间差异均无统计学意义。结论 MTHFR C677T基因多态性的作用与乳腺癌新辅助化疗敏感性之间存在着一定的相关性,对预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗的疗效具有良好的临床应用前景。     

CD44v6、CerbB-2及ER在乳腺癌的表达及其临床意义

为探究乳腺癌CD44v-6、CerbB-2及ER的表达情况及肿瘤的转移、病期及病理分型的关系,兹将研究结果报道如下。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态和叶酸摄取与乳腺癌的发病风险

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and genetic polymorphisms of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with reference to breast cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu province of China. MTHFR C677T and AI298C genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Dietary folate intake was assessed by using an 83-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. Results The frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 32. 37% (202/624), 48. 88% (3051624) and 18. 75% (117/624) in cases and 37. 66% (235/624), 48.24% (301/624) and 14. 10% (88/624) in controls,respectively. The difference in distribution was significant (X2=6. 616, P=0. 037), the T/T genotype being associated with an elevated OR for breast cancer (1.62, 95% CI: 1.14 -2. 30). The frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A,A/C and C/C were 71.47% (446/624), 27.08% (169/624) and 1.44% (9/624) in cases and 68. 11% (425/624) ,30. 13% (188/624) and 1.76% (11/624) in controls, with no significant differences found (X2=1.716, P=0. 424). Folate intake of cases [(263.00±137. 38)μg/d]was significantly lower than that of controls [(285. 12±149. 61)μg/d](t=-2. 830,P=0. 005). Compared with the lowest tertile (≤199. 08μg/d) of folate intake,the adjusted OR for breast cancer in the top tertile (≥315.μg/d) was 0. 70 (95% CI:0. 53 -0. 92). Among individuals with the MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype,adjusted OR for breast cancer were 0. 89 (95% CI: 0. 62 -1.27)and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.20 -2. 36) for the second to the third tertite of folato intake compared with thehighest folate intake group (Xtrend2=11. 372, P=0. 001). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and dietary intake of folate may modify susceptibility to breast cancer.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态和叶酸摄取与乳腺癌的发病风险

Objective To evaluate the relationship between dietary folate intake and genetic polymorphisms of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with reference to breast cancer risk. Methods A case-control study was conducted with 669 cases and 682 population-based controls in Jiangsu province of China. MTHFR C677T and AI298C genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Dietary folate intake was assessed by using an 83-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. Results The frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes were 32. 37% (202/624), 48. 88% (3051624) and 18. 75% (117/624) in cases and 37. 66% (235/624), 48.24% (301/624) and 14. 10% (88/624) in controls,respectively. The difference in distribution was significant (X2=6. 616, P=0. 037), the T/T genotype being associated with an elevated OR for breast cancer (1.62, 95% CI: 1.14 -2. 30). The frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A,A/C and C/C were 71.47% (446/624), 27.08% (169/624) and 1.44% (9/624) in cases and 68. 11% (425/624) ,30. 13% (188/624) and 1.76% (11/624) in controls, with no significant differences found (X2=1.716, P=0. 424). Folate intake of cases [(263.00±137. 38)μg/d]was significantly lower than that of controls [(285. 12±149. 61)μg/d](t=-2. 830,P=0. 005). Compared with the lowest tertile (≤199. 08μg/d) of folate intake,the adjusted OR for breast cancer in the top tertile (≥315.μg/d) was 0. 70 (95% CI:0. 53 -0. 92). Among individuals with the MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype,adjusted OR for breast cancer were 0. 89 (95% CI: 0. 62 -1.27)and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.20 -2. 36) for the second to the third tertite of folato intake compared with thehighest folate intake group (Xtrend2=11. 372, P=0. 001). Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and dietary intake of folate may modify susceptibility to breast cancer.     

乳腺叶状囊肉瘤（附17例报告）

目的　总结乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊治经验。方法　回顾分析 17例的诊断、治疗和随访结果。结果　 17例中 ,行广泛局部切除 2例 ,乳腺单纯切除 12例 ,乳腺切除并腋淋巴结清扫 3例。随访时间 1— 16年 (中位时间 5 7年 )。 5年生存率 98 3% ,5年局部复发率 5 8%。结论　乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的可靠诊断是病理组织学检查。手术可行多次局部切除 ,局部切除后反复复发者应行乳腺切除。对于少数多次复发和全身转移者 ,辅助化放疗将有助于减少复发和转移。乳腺叶状囊肉瘤预后与肿瘤的组织学分级、肿瘤大小和手术切除是否彻底有关