河北省不同途径感染人群HIV-1基因亚型分析

目的了解河北省不同途径感染人群艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)亚型分布特点。方法从感染者的血浆样品中提取病毒RNA,反转录后采用套式聚合酶链反应(Nested PCR)扩增HIV-1 gag和env基因的部分片段,对PCR产物直接进行核苷酸序列测定,所获序列与各亚型国际参考株序列比对,进行系统进化树分析,确定基因型。结果对154份HIV-1感染者的样品进行扩增,得到了146份样品的HIV-1基因片段。发现6种HIV-1亚型和重组型,其中B’亚型61例(41.8%),CRF01_AE 59例(40.4%),CRF07_BC 16例(11.0%),CRF08_BC 6例(4.1%),C亚型和B01重组株各2例(1.4%)。血液途径传播为B’亚型,男男性行为传播以CRF01_AE和B’亚型为主。结论河北省不同途径感染人群HIV-1亚型分布具有明显的人群特征。血液途径传播者为单一B’亚型,性传播人群中亚型分布较广。     

经皮肾镜取石术发展历史及若干相关问题探讨

经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）是腔内泌尿外科手术中一个十分重要的组成部分,其与输尿管镜术、体外冲击波碎石术共同成为泌尿系结石主要的现代治疗方法。而微创经皮肾穿刺取石术（MPcNL）是该技术发展和完善的结果。自1976年Fernstrom和Johansson首次成功采用PCNL以来,其经历了传统PCNL、     

Construction and expression of lentiviral vector of rat β-defensin-2 gene

Objective To construct a lentiviral expression vector of rat β-defensin-2(rBD2)gene, and examine its expression by transfected cultured cells,in order to lay the foundation for experiments in vivo.Methods The totaI RNA of rat epithelial ceils was extracted and rBD2 gene was got with PCR amplification.After double-digested and connected the PCR production and lentiviral vector Lentivirus [containing H1 promoter and green fluorescent protein(GFP)],the lentiviral expression vector of rBD2 gene LV-rBD2 was constructed and confirmed by sequencing.The virus-like particles of LV-rBD2 was packed with lentiviral packaging systems and viral titer was determinated by slow-gradient dilution.Expression of rBD2 was tests with RT-PCR and Western Blot after cultured cells had been infected by LV-rBD2.Results The results of gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing showed that the rBD2 gene was cloned into the lentiviral vector,the sequence is correct.The lentiviral vector particle packaging was complete.the virus titer was adjusted to 1×105 ifu/μl.RT-PCR and Western-blot showed that rBD-2 gene was expressed.Conclusion The lentiviral expression vector of rBD2 gene LV-rBD2 was constructed successful,and could transfecte cells to express rBD2.     

真两性畸形1例

患者男,17岁,因"发现左阴囊空虚17年.检查发现左腹股沟肿块12 d",于2009年3月10日入院.患者系第二胎、足月、顺产,出生后家长即发现患者左侧阴囊空虚,当时未发现腹股沟区有肿块,因年幼未予以进一步治疗.     

中国南方四省区流行的HIV-1 CRF01_AE病毒株基因特征研究

Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains prevailing in. the four provinces of southern China. Methods Plasma samples were collected from the newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals reported in 2006 in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Hunan province. The gag and env gene fragments were amplified from RNA template extracted from plasma using RT and nested PCR methods. CRF01_AE sequences were analyzed by phylogcnetie methods and characterized by calculating the genetic distance and Entropy analysis. Results Two main epidemic clusters were found to exist in the CRF01 AE strains from 210 HIV-1 CRF01 AE infected individuals collected in the 4 provinces, southern China. It was found that no international reference strain was closely correlated with cluster Ⅰ , which including 123 samples. The strains in cluster Ⅱ, consisting 57 cases of samples, were closely related with the strains identified in Vietnam. Genetic distance analysis of gag and env genes showed that the diversity of cluster Ⅰ was obviously less than that of cluster Ⅱ. Data on nucleotide polymorphism showed that nucleotides compositions of 42 sites in gag and 40 sites in env wer esignificantly different between the two clusters. When compared with cluster Ⅱ , the polymorphism decreased at 61 nucleotide sites but increased at 21 sites in cluster Ⅰ. Conclusion This was the first report describing that two main epidemic clusters were existed in CRF01_AE strains prevailing in the 4 provinces, Southern China. The vires in cluster Ⅰ was the dominant strain in this region, with shorter period of circulation and higher proportion seen in the HIV-infected population, which might belong to CRF01_AE strain with certain features facilitating the spread of the virus. The virus in cluster Ⅱ was highly homology with the CRF01_AE strains from Vietnam, and seemed to have had several events of epidemics in populations in border regions of China and Vietnam.     

变应性鼻炎表观遗传学

变应性鼻炎是常见的变态反应性疾病,近年来发病率呈上升趋势.其发病与外界环境关系密切,表观遗传学修饰在本病的发生中扮演重要角色.本文就近年来表观遗传学在变应性鼻炎研究的DNA甲基化、 组蛋白修饰、miRNAs表达等进行综述.     

和法论治胸痹心痛探析

和法是中医特色治法之一,指应用调和的方法调整人体功能,使之归于平复的一种治疗方法,尤宜于治疗病因交织,涉及多病位的疾病.胸痹心痛常有痰阻、气滞、血瘀、寒凝交织为患,病位涉及肝、脾、肾等多脏器,临床中亦多见少阳枢机不利、脾胃不和、肝脾不调等脏腑功能不和所致胸痹心痛者,故以和法论治,和其不和最为适宜.     

无管化标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石67例

目的探讨无管化标准通道经皮肾镜取石术在治疗上尿路结石方面的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年7月采用无管化标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗67例上尿路结石患者的临床资料。其中单发肾结石24例,多发肾结石13例,不完全性鹿角形结石8例,连接部及输尿管上段结石22例,结石最大直径0．9～3．0cm。我们对于非复杂型上尿路结石,肾皮质厚度≥1cm、无严重尿路感染、无活动性出血、无集合系统穿透性损伤及满意的清石病例,术后仅留置双J管而不放置肾造瘘管。结果所有患者均一期手术成功。平均手术时间36．7±2．3min;术后第l天疼痛评分为2．9±1．5mm,术后平均住院时间（4．1±0．8）d;术前、后平均血红蛋白下降值为（1．0±0．5）μ/L;结石清除率100％。无输血病例及选择性肾动脉栓塞病例;无感染性休克和肾周积液发生。结论在经过严格筛选病例基础上,无管化标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石是安全可行的。     

上尿路医源性异物的及时处理与预防

目的探讨上尿路医源性异物的及时发现与预防,及使用微创腔内技术处理的有效性与安全性。方法采用输尿管镜术或微创经皮肾技术治疗了18例上尿路医源性异物,异物分别为双J管16例,输尿管导管断端残留1例,斑马导丝残鞘1例。结果所有病例异物均完整取出,术后KUB及B超复查均无异物残留,重新放置的双J管位置良好,无输尿管穿孔、输尿管黏膜剥脱、尿漏及大出血等并发症,经皮肾镜手术创口Ⅰ期愈合。术后随访10～24个月,无结石复发,输尿管狭窄等远期并发症。结论术中的仔细操作、及时发现与有效、微创的处理,是将医源性上尿路异物所致危害降至最低的有效方法。