大剂量天然α—干扰素治疗重症病毒性肝炎临床分析

本文用大剂量天然α－干扰素治疗３１例重症病毒性肝炎患者，并以既往和同期未用α－干扰素的４９例患者作为对照，所有患者均未接受人工肝治疗。治疗结果表明：应用天然α－干扰素的３１例患者存活率为６４．５％（２０／３１）较对照存活率２８．６％（１４／４９）明显提高（Ｐ〈０．００５）。治疗组中虽有部分患者出现发烧、白细胞及血小板减少，经适当处理多数患者仍可接受治疗。     

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA ITS RELATION TO GALACTORRHEA, AMENORRHEA, PITUITARY TUMOR AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Hypperprolactinemia and its relation to galactorrhea, amenorrhea and pituitary tumor were studied in 355 cases. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 135 cases, and its incidences in the 3 groups (galactorrhea with amenorrhea, galactorrhea with menstruation and amenorrhea without galactorrhea) were 78.2u/o (111/ 142), 21.7% (18/83) and 4.6:vo(6/130) respectively, the differences being statistically significant (p<0.01). Of the hyperprolactinemia cases 9570 had galactor- thea, and about half of them were discovered during examination. Therefore, pressing the breasts for milk should be a routine procedure during gyno cologic examination. There were 60 pituitary ma croadenomas in this series; the incidence of hyperprolactinemia was 39.3To (53/153) and amenor thea with galactorrhea was 37.3%(53/'142). There fore, prolactinoma is the most important cause of galactorrhea, amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. Some prolactinomas may not be accompanied by amenorrhea, galactorrhea or hyperprolactinemia. 42 cases of hyperprolactinemia, half with pituitary tumors, were treated with bromocriptine. Menstrua tion resumed in 95.2%, biphasic basal body tempera. ture (BBT) in 90.5%, and 70.6To infertile patients became pregnant. The present study shows that the important cause of amenorrhea is functional dis turbance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Once prolactin level is lowered, functional distur- bances can be corrected very quickly.     

腋淋巴结大块切除术后肩部早期或延迟活动的比较

作者观察施行腋淋巴结大块切除术后36例黑色素瘤或乳癌病人的40条上肢情况,比较术后第1天或第7天开始肩部活动对其恢复的影响。两组的年龄、性别、手术时间、切除淋巴结数以及化疗或放疗等情况是可比的。在术后第1天就开始活动肢体的,可见伤口引流量、引流时间,术后住院日期、伤口并     

在内窥镜电凝时口服甘露醇肠道准备对结肠菌丛的影响和爆炸的危险

在结肠镜检和择期性结肠直肠手术中,已广泛应用口服甘露醇作为肠道准备的方法,因为病人能良好耐受此药。近来已注意到,甘露醇对结肠内某些产气     

胃炎出血:应用加压素的有效性

有报道输注加压素治疗急性胃病变所致的出血病例,有效率达80～90%以上。作者复习了501例上消化道出血病人,36例系应激性溃疡或胃炎,其中9例使用了加压素疗法,仅1例止血成功而避免了手术,另4例出血暂停,但又复发。作者在狗实验中用阿司匹林(20mM)和牛磺胆酸盐(10mM)溶液(pH1.0)损伤胃粘膜使之缺血,再用加压素治疗。后者提高全身动脉压,明显抑制胃分泌,但出血不见减少。作者认为加压素仅可暂时减慢失血速度,不能     

梭状芽胞杆菌属菌血症的意义

梭状芽胞杆菌普遍存在于自然界,包括60多种菌株,在每克人粪中该菌数目可达10~9～10~(10)之多。已知有的菌株可引起致命的组织细胞毒性感染,但在缺乏明显的组织坏死情况下,梭状芽胞杆菌属菌血症被认为无重要临床意义。为此,作者分析了过去6年内2,542例病人的6,030次阳性血培养的结果,发现     

腹股沟疝修补时三种不同麻醉方法对呼吸换气能力的影响

作者在连续100例腹股沟疝修补术的男性病人中,随机采用全身麻醉、硬脊膜外麻醉和局部麻醉,分别观察这些麻醉对呼吸换气能力的影响。结果发现,全身麻醉抑制一分钟最大呼气量(FVC_1)和最大肺活量(FVC)较其他二种麻醉为严重,但无严重的动脉血缺氧或临床肺部併发症发生。一例併发轻微的伤     

临床表现不典型弥漫性血管内凝血的诊断

近年来,弥漫性血管内凝血(以下简称DIC)已引起临床工作者的重视,并且有了比较深入的了解,所以对典型的DIC不难作出诊断。但是对不典型的DIC,往往不易引起注意,而延误诊断与治疗。为了总结经验,提高诊断水平,现将我院1975～1980年6月,共收治的29例DIC,其中临床表现不典型的有八种类型,现总结如下。诊断依据本文DIC的诊断依据: 1.有诱发DIC的病因。 2.临床表现:(1)凝血机制障碍,如皮肤粘膜紫癜,伤口渗血、呕血、便血、尿血、     

应激性溃疡的临床问题

“World J Surg”杂志于1981年第二期外科世界进展一览,发表了有关应激性溃疡和糜烂性胃炎的十篇文章,本刊组织摘译并于本期发表,参考文献约508篇,从略)