不同扫描参数对宽体探测器CT散射线的影响研究

目的 探讨宽体探测器CT在使用不同扫描模式、不同探测器宽度时在z轴方向上散射线的分布特点。方法 使用美国GE Revolution 16 cm宽体探测器CT,在机架扫描孔洞中心轴（z轴）上,以一定间隔布放热释光剂量计（TLD）,分别在逐层扫描模式下使用4、8、16 cm和螺旋扫描模式下4、8 cm探测器宽度,对CT标准剂量模体进行扫描,扫描条件：管电压为120 kV,有效管电流为200 mAs,扫描长度为16 cm,螺旋扫描时螺距分别为0.984∶1、0.516∶1。所有扫描重复4次,曝光后将所有TLD测量值除以4,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果 z轴方向上,人体头侧散射线剂量值均高于人体足侧（Z=-2.366、-2.197、-2.366、-2.371、-2.028、-2.236、-2.028,P<0.05）。逐层扫描时,不同探测器宽度的散射线分布差异有统计学意义（χ²=28.000,P<0.05）,均为探测器4 cm时最大,16 cm时最小,最大差值为67.5 μGy。螺旋扫描时,不同探测器宽度的散射线分布差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.233、-2.982,P<0.05）,均为探测器8 cm时最大,4 cm时最小,其中螺距0.516∶1时最大差值为97.67 μGy。螺旋扫描相同探测器宽度及有效管电流条件下,螺距为0.516∶1时高于螺距为0.984∶1的散射线,差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.296、-3.296,P<0.05）,其中探测器宽度为8 cm时最大差值为49.95 μGy。结论 宽体探测器CT不同探测器宽度的选择,可显著影响辐射场的分布和辐射值,应根据具体的临床需求选择合理的探测器宽度和相关参数,从而降低受检者、近台操作医务人员以及陪护人员的辐射剂量。     

Forensic analysis of diatom in the spleen and heart in Sprague-Dawley rats

Post-mortem diagnosis of drowning is a real challenge, especially in a decomposed body. The diatom test is considered a reliable scientific assessment in several countries including China. The lungs, liver, and kidneys are usually used in the diatom test, whereas the spleen and heart are rarely reported. In our study, we set up five water samples with different concentrations of diatoms. One-hundred and twenty adult SD rats were employed, assigned to the Drowning Group (DG), Post-mortem Submersion Group (PSG), Drowning Control Group (DG-Control), and Post-mortem Submersion Control Group (PSG-Control). Rats in DG and PSG were submerged in water samples, respectively. After the microwave digestion and vacuum filtration method for diatom enrichment, the diatom numbers were counted. The results showed no diatom was found in either the DG-Control or PSG-Control group. Although significant differences in the diatoms number were found between the DG and PSG groups, the heart and spleen revealed no significant differences. These two organs equally had high specificity and low sensitivity. Based on our data, we concluded that the heart and spleen can be used for the diagnosis of drowning, and detection of diatoms in systemic circulation organs may be more suitable for the diatom test, especially when exogenous contamination is avoided.     

Multiple Bifurcated Covered Self-Expanding Metallic Stents for Complex Tracheobronchial Fistulas or Stenosis

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - We aimed to determine the safety and feasibility of bifurcated covered self-expanding stents for the treatment of complex tracheobronchial fistulas or...     

Hypermetabolism associated with worse prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Journal of Neurology - Exploration of hypermetabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with different ethnicities is needed to understand its metabolic implications for clinical management....     

应用弹性髓内钉与钢板治疗儿童胫骨干骨折的临床研究

目的：对比弹性髓内钉和钢板在儿童胫骨干骨折治疗中的临床效果。方法：选取2017年1月至2021年1月达州市中心医院骨科收治的儿童胫骨干骨折110例,其中弹性髓内钉组58例,钢板组52例,比较2组术中出血量、手术切口总长度、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、骨折愈合时间、功能恢复评分、并发症等指标。结果：弹性髓内钉组手术切口总长度[（4.1±0.8） cm]、手术时间[（42.0±6.2） min]、住院费用[（1.5±0.7）万元]、骨折愈合时间[（10.6±1.1）周]均低于钢板组[（10.2±1.4） cm、（65.0±7.6） min、（2.1±0.5）万元、（12.4±1.3）周],功能恢复评分优良率（98.3%）高于钢板组（86.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。弹性髓内钉组术中出血量（应用止血带）、住院时间与钢板组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在并发症方面,弹性髓内钉组感染率（1.7%）低于钢板组（13.5%）、早期关节僵硬率（15.5%）高于钢板组（3.8%）;在骨折断端对位对线不良、骨折愈合延迟或骨不连、双下肢长度比较方面2组差异无统计学意义（P...