2006至2015年南京市猩红热流行病学特征分析

目的了解2006至2015年南京市猩红热流行病学特征,为进一步制定防控策略和措施提供依据。 方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析2006至2015年南京市报告猩红热病例流行特征,主要分析猩红热病例在时间、地区和人群分布特征,报病医疗机构分布等信息,并重点比较了2015年与2006至2014年报告病例的流行病学特征。 结果2006至2015年南京市共报告猩红热病例843例,年均发病率为1.15/10万;4～7月和11～2月为发病高峰,占总病例数的71.41%(602/843);男性年均发病率(1.36/10万)高于女性(0.92/10万); 94.90%(800/843)的病例为15岁以下孩童,以学生[53.38%(450/843)]和幼托儿童[33.45%(282/843)]为主;年平均发病率前四位的地区为化学工业园区(15.78/10万)、浦口区(2.01/10万)、雨花台区(1.30/10万)、六合区(1.08/10万),江北3区(化学工业园区、浦口区和六合区)的病例数占全市总病例数的66.67%(562/843),化学工业园区病例数占比最高[42.59%(359/843)];江北3区的病例主要来自相邻的4个街道,占江北3区病例总数的79.54%(447/562)。2015年报告发病率(2.97/10万)升高明显,季节、年龄和职业分布(χ²＝174.85,P>0.05)等特点与往年相似,但是江北3区尤其是化学工业园区的发病率(52.24/10万)升高最明显。时空分析也提示,化学工业园区于2014年4月6日至2015年12月31日(RR＝49.42,LLR＝506.72,P<0.01)期间存在聚集发病。51.13%(431/843)的病例由南京江北人民医院报告,且现住址均为江北3区,90.49%(390/431)为4个高发街道;2015年该院病例数占全市总病例数的71.07%(172/242),明显高于2006年至2014年的43.09%(259/601,χ²＝54.05,P<0.01)。 结论南京市2015年猩红热发病率明显高于往年,疫情呈现上升趋势,江北3区(化学工业园区、浦口区和六合区)为高发地区,建议开展专题调查进一步明确高发原因。     

Multimodal investigation of dopamine D2/D3 receptors,default mode network suppression,and cognitive control in cocaine-use disorder

Stimulant-use disorders have been associated with lower availability of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) and greater availability of type-3 receptors (D3R). Links between D2R levels, cognitive performance, and suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during executive functioning have been observed in healthy and addicted populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding a potential role of elevated D3R in influencing cognitive control processes in groups with and without addictions. Sixteen individuals with cocaine-use disorder (CUD) and 16 healthy comparison (HC) participants completed [¹¹C]-(+)-PHNO PET imaging of D2R and D3R availability and fMRI during a Stroop task of cognitive control. Independent component analysis was performed on fMRI data to assess DMN suppression during Stroop performance. In HC individuals, lower D2R-related binding in the dorsal putamen was associated with improved task performance and greater DMN suppression. By comparison, in individuals with CUD, greater D3R-related binding in the substantia nigra was associated with improved performance and greater DMN suppression. Exploratory moderated-mediation analyses indicated that DMN suppression was associated with Stroop performance indirectly through D2R in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a dissociative and potentially beneficial role of elevated D3R availability in executive functioning in cocaine-use disorder.Subject terms: Addiction, Cognitive control     

2004-2012年攀枝花市其他感染性腹泻病流行病学特征分析

目的分析2004-2012年攀枝花市其他感染性腹泻病（除霍乱、痢疾、伤寒和副伤寒）的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法,对2004-2012年攀枝花市法定传染病报告系统中其他感染性腹泻病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2004-2012年攀枝花市共报告其他感染性腹泻病15 032例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率为149.63/10万;发病高峰在4-8月和10-12月,占病例总数的72.80%;男女性别比例为1.34∶1;发病以0-3岁年龄组为主,占病例总数的46.08%;散居儿童发病最高,占病例总数的52.47%,其次是学生和工人;报告实验室诊断病例296例,占病例总数的1.97%。结论攀枝花市其他感染性腹泻病发病具有明显的季节性发病高峰,应重点加强对0-3岁组散居儿童的预防和控制措施,提高感染性腹泻病原学诊断率。     

Investigation of relationships between meteorological conditions and high PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> pollution in a megacity in the western Yangtze River Delta,China

Nanjing, a megacity in the western Yangtze River Delta of China, has been suffering high PM₁₀ pollution during recent decades. The meteorological conditions that affect the formation of high PM₁₀ pollution in Nanjing remain unknown. In this study, 12-year daily PM₁₀ concentrations and ground-level meteorological conditions from 2001 to 2012 were analyzed. The relationships between PM₁₀ concentrations and meteorological parameters including wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were investigated with multiple methods, including occurrence frequency, back trajectory, multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. The results show that PM₁₀ pollution in Nanjing was severe during 2001–2012. The 12-year mean is 109 μg/m³, which is 56% higher than the grade II annual PM₁₀ standard of China. Declining trends are found for both the annual averages and the episode averages during the most polluted events, with a rate of 3.5 and 4.0 μg/m³ per year, respectively. High PM₁₀ pollution events are more likely to occur on no-precipitation days when wind is from east with speed of 1.0 to 3.0 m/s, temperature is 10 to 20 °C, relative humidity is below 80%, and sea-level pressure is 1015–1025 hPa. The 72- and 24-h back trajectory analysis shows that over half of the air masses on the high PM₁₀ pollution days are from east-south with an average transport distance of around 400 km in 72 h and 200 km in 24 h, respectively. Including the previous day concentration in the MLR models substantially improves model performance for predicting daily PM₁₀, with an increase of the Pearson correlation coefficient from 0.25 to 0.61. The ANN model generally performs better than the MLR models and can be considered as a better method for future PM₁₀ forecasting. However, both models have difficulties accurately predicting very severe pollution events, and more factors should be considered in future studies.     

鲜益母草胶囊和益母草流浸膏对血液系统影响的比较研究

目的：观察鲜益母草胶囊对动物血液系统的作用。以求证其活性化瘀功效。方法：运用自然出血法，毛细管凝血法，烫伤致瘀法，优球蛋白降解法和微循环观察法分别观察鲜益母草胶囊对大小鼠出血、凝血、血瘀、纤溶及微循环的影响，并与益母草流浸膏进行比较。结果：鲜益母草胶囊对大鼠出血时间没有明显影响；高剂量鲜益母草胶囊能延长小鼠的凝血时间；能明显对抗烫伤大鼠血小板聚集活性的增高；能明显缩短大鼠优球蛋白溶解时间（ELT），提高纤溶活性；显著改善大鼠肠系膜凝循环。结论：与益母草流浸膏比较，鲜益母草胶囊具有较强的活血化瘀作用。     

四川产亚大黄的鉴别及其大黄素、大黄酚的测定

目的鉴别四川产亚大黄,并测定其大黄素、大黄酚的含量。方法采用显微鉴别、TLC法对药材进行鉴别,用HPLC法测定大黄素、大黄酚的含量。结果 TLC法鉴别亚大黄的专属性强;建立了HPLC测定疏枝大黄中大黄素、大黄酚含量的方法。结论所用方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,可用于四川产亚大黄的质量控制。     

清开灵注射液对SHP_(sp)出血性中风海马区兴奋性氨基酸含量的影响

本研究采用年中易感型自发性高血压大鼠（SHPsp）.观察了清开灵（QKL）注射液对出血性中风海马区兴奋性氨基酸（EAA）含量的影响，以及神经元密度和超微结构的改变。结果显示：QKL能使海马区EAA、谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸明显降低（P＜0．01）；海马CA1区神经元损伤轻,脱失减少,神经元密度计数显著升高（P＜0．01）；超微结构显示，QKL能使出血性中风造成的脑组织变性、坏死、水肿得到改善。上述结果提示，QKL能降低SHPsp出血性中风EAA的释放,起到保护神经细胞的作用。     

Job satisfaction and its modeling among township health center employees: a quantitative study in poor rural China

Background  

Job satisfaction is important to staff management of township health centers (THCs), as it is associated with organizational performance, quality of care and employee retention. The purpose of this study was to measure job satisfaction level of THC employees in poor rural China and to identify relevant features in order to provide policy advice on human resource development of health service institutions in poor regions.     

抗癌复方天仙胶囊稳定性实验研究

主要报道了复方天仙胶囊的稳定性实验，对室温存放1～3年的样品进行鉴别试验及紫外光谱吸收值测定，并考察了对热、湿、光的加速试验。结果表明未发生特殊变化。