影响人群健康的心理社会因素随访比较研究

目的：运用应激理论和综合健康概念,研究影响人群健康的心理社会因素及其一年间变化。方法：抽取简阳市某厂1160名职工为研究对象,进行基线调查和一年后随访。以问卷和临床检查相结合调查其社会人口学特征、应激性生活事件、心理健康状况、社会支持和社会功能及现患疾病,并进行单因素和多元线性回归分析。结果：1997年影响该人群疾病总分的主要因素有工种、年龄、阳性症状数、阳性症状均分、主观支持分,R^2＝0．32;1998年的主要因素有年龄、SCL－90总分、阳性症状均分、支持利用度,R^2＝0．345。结论：年龄、心理应激水平、社会支持等是影响人群健康的主要心理社会因素,且一年时间变化不大。     

被动吸烟对儿童免疫功能及生长发育的影晌

目的　研究被动吸烟对儿童呼吸系统疾病、唾液中硫氰酸盐含量、非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法　选择条件和生源相近的四所日托幼儿园的 1 0 31名 4～ 6岁的儿童做为调查对象 ,采用自制的家庭成员问卷和儿童健康调查表 ,对其家庭成员吸烟情况及儿童健康状况进行了问卷调查 ,测量身高、体重 ,测定唾液中硫氰酸盐含量、唾液免疫球蛋白 (IgA、IgG、IgM)、唾液溶菌酶。结果　 (1 )幼儿被动吸烟量越大 ,唾液中硫氰酸盐含量越高 ,而唾液中溶菌酶含量越低 ,两项指标不同吸烟量各组两两之间均有显著性差异 (P均 <0 0 1 )。被动吸烟量与唾液硫氰酸盐含量呈正相关 ,被动吸烟量与溶菌酶含量呈负相关 ;(2 )幼儿被动吸烟量越大 ,唾液中IgG、IgA、IgM含量越低 ;(3)幼儿被动吸烟量与一年内呼吸系统疾病发病次数呈正相关 (r=0 1 9,P <0 0 1 ) ;(4)被动吸烟影响儿童身高、体重 ,年龄段较大者较年龄段较小者明显。结论　家庭成员吸烟导致儿童被动吸烟可对儿童健康造成危害 ,应动员全社会的力量 ,减少儿童在家庭和公共场所内受吸烟危害     

Consumption of Dietary Fiber with Different Physicochemical Properties during Late Pregnancy Alters the Gut Microbiota and Relieves Constipation in Sow Model

Constipation is a common problem in sows and women during late pregnancy. Dietary fiber has potential in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, thereby promoting intestinal motility and reducing constipation. However, the effects of fibers with different physicochemical properties on intestinal microbe and constipation during late pregnancy have not been fully explored. In this study, a total of 80 sows were randomly allocated to control and one of three dietary fiber treatments from day 85 of gestation to delivery: LIG (lignocellulose), PRS (resistant starch), and KON (konjaku flour). Results showed that the defecation frequency and fecal consistency scores were highest in PRS. PRS and KON significantly increased the level of gut motility regulatory factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), motilin (MTL), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum. Moreover, PRS and KON promoted the IL-10 level and reduced the TNF-α level in serum. Furthermore, maternal PRS and KON supplementation significantly reduced the number of stillborn piglets. Microbial sequencing analysis showed that PRS and KON increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreased the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter in feces. Moreover, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and the fecal butyrate concentration in PRS were the highest. Correlation analysis further revealed that the defecation frequency and serum 5-HT were positively correlated with Turicibacter and butyrate. In conclusion, PRS is the best fiber source for promoting gut motility, which was associated with increased levels of 5-HT under specific bacteria Turicibacter and butyrate stimulation, thereby relieving constipation. Our findings provide a reference for dietary fiber selection to improve intestinal motility in late pregnant mothers.     

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Blood Inflammation: The Prospective Markers on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Inflammation is known as an important mechanism of cognitive dysfunction. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and system inflammation response index (SIRI) are two blood inflammatory markers, which are related to many chronic diseases including cognitive impairment. It is recognized that dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is used to estimate the overall inflammatory potential of diet, may be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SII, SIRI and DII, as well as the role of these inflammatory indexes on MCI in elderly people. A total of 1050 participants from Beijing were included. Neuropsychological tests were used for cognitive evaluation. Energy-adjusted DII scores were calculated based on semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were tested for calculating SII and SIRI. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the correlation of indexes. After adjusting demographic characteristics, SII and SIRI in MCI individuals were higher than controls (p ≤ 0.001). DII, SII and SIRI had positive relationship with MoCA scores (p < 0.005). DII also correlated with SIRI in MCI (β = 0.11, p = 0.031). Higher DII and SIRI could definitely increase the risk of MCI, as well as DII and SII (p < 0.005). In conclusion, DII was positively correlated with blood inflammation. The elderly with higher level of DII and SIRI, or DII and SII could be considered as people with higher risk of developing MCI.     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of Squeeze Casting of AlSi9Mg Aluminum Alloy Component with a Large Size

The squeeze casting process for an AlSi9Mg aluminum alloy flywheel housing component was numerically simulated using the ProCAST software, and orthogonal simulation tests were designed according to the L16 (4) ⁵ orthogonal test table to investigate the alloy melt flow rule under four factors and four levels each of the pouring temperature, mold temperature, pressure holding time and specific pressure, as well as the distributions of the temperature fields, stress fields and defects. The results showed that the flywheel housing castings in all 16 test groups were fully filled, and the thinner regions solidified more quickly than the thicker regions. Hot spots were predicted at the mounting ports and the convex platform, which could be relieved by adding a local loading device. Due to the different constraints on the cylinder surface and the lower end surface, the solidification was inconsistent, the equivalent stress at the corner junction was larger, and the castings with longer pressure holding time and lower mold temperature had larger average equivalent stress. Shrinkage cavities were mainly predicted at mounting ports, the cylindrical convex platform, the peripheral overflow groove and the corner junctions, and there was also a small defect region at the edge of the upper end face in some test groups.     

医院织物中心精细化管理的探索与思考

针对某院医用织物的管理工作,从制度管理、院感管控、成本控制等措施应用上详细阐述了医用织物的精细化和规范化管理,由此降低了医院织物洗涤方面的浪费,提高了洗涤质量。     

Role of miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP axis in estradiol alleviating the progression of monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension

BackgroundAberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is, however, not clear whether miRNAs are involved in estrogen rescue of PH.MethodsFresh plasma samples were prepared from 12 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and 12 healthy controls undergoing right heart catheterization in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. From each sample, 5 μg of total RNA was tagged and hybridized on microRNA microarray chips. Monocrotaline‐induced PH (MCT‐PH) male rats were treated with 17β‐estradiol (E₂) or vehicle. Subgroups were cotreated with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist or with antagonist of miRNA.ResultsMany circulating miRNAs, including miR‐21‐5p and miR‐574‐5p, were markedly expressed in patients and of interest in predicting mean pulmonary arterial pressure elevation in patients. The expression of miR‐21‐5p in the lungs was significantly upregulated in MCT‐PH rats compared with the controls. However, miR‐574‐5p showed no difference in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats and controls. miR‐21‐5p was selected for further analysis in rats as E₂ strongly regulated it. E₂ decreased miR‐21‐5p expression in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats by ERβ. E₂ reversed miR‐21‐5p target gene FilGAP downregulation in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats. The abnormal expression of RhoA, ROCK2, Rac1 and c‐Jun in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats was inhibited by E₂ and miR‐21‐5p antagonist.ConclusionsmiR‐21‐5p level was remarkably associated with PH severity in patients. Moreover, the miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP signaling pathway modulated the protective effect of E₂ on MCT‐PH through ERβ.     

Self-adaptive integration of photothermal and radiative cooling for continuous energy harvesting from the sun and outer space

The sun (∼6,000 K) and outer space (∼3 K) are two significant renewable thermodynamic resources for human beings on Earth. The solar thermal conversion by photothermal (PT) and harvesting the coldness of outer space by radiative cooling (RC) have already attracted tremendous interest. However, most of the PT and RC approaches are static and monofunctional, which can only provide heating or cooling respectively under sunlight or darkness. Herein, a spectrally self-adaptive absorber/emitter (SSA/E) with strong solar absorption and switchable emissivity within the atmospheric window (i.e., 8 to 13 μm) was developed for the dynamic combination of PT and RC, corresponding to continuously efficient energy harvesting from the sun and rejecting energy to the universe. The as-fabricated SSA/E not only can be heated to ∼170 °C above ambient temperature under sunshine but also be cooled to 20 °C below ambient temperature, and thermal modeling captures the high energy harvesting efficiency of the SSA/E, enabling new technological capabilities.

Heating and cooling are two kinds of significant end uses of thermal energy in society, which exist in various conditions (e.g., space/water heating, space cooling, and industrial processes) and account for 51% of the total final energy consumption (1). For example, the heating and cooling of buildings are responsible for nearly 48% of the building energy consumption, increasing to be the largest individual energy expense (2). Therefore, heat and cool harvesting relying on clean techniques from renewable energy resources has drawn remarkable attention from fields of engineering to material science because it has considerable potential for global energy conservation and greenhouse emission reduction. Thermodynamically, any heat transportation and work-generation process requires a temperature gradient. The hot sun (∼6,000 K) and cold outer space (∼3 K) are the ultimate heat source and heat sink for the Earth. Theoretical analysis reveals that maximal output work can be extracted from nonreciprocal systems based on the temperature difference between the sun and Earth (∼300 K) with an ultimate solar energy harvesting efficiency limit of 93.3%, while a maximal work of 153.1 W·m⁻² can also be obtained on the basis of temperature difference between the Earth and outer space (3, 4). Thus, the sun and outer space are two significant renewable thermodynamic resources for the Earth, which can be effectively utilized for clean heat and cool collection.Photothermal (PT) is a widely used solar thermal collection method that employs solar absorbers to capture solar photons and convert them to heat. Thermal analysis reveals that a good candidate for a solar absorber should have high solar absorptivity and low thermal emissivity simultaneously for efficient solar thermal collection. Various materials, including multilayer metal/ceramic films (5, 6), photonic crystals (7, 8), and metamaterials (9, 10), have been developed for spectrally selective solar absorbers and have been used for real-world applications. Meanwhile, radiative cooling (RC) has re-elicited considerable interest in recent years because it can passively provide clean cooling without any extra energy input (11–14). The waste heat of terrestrial objects can be continuously pumped into the cold outer space, relying on the transparent atmospheric window (i.e., 8 to 13 μm). So, high emissivity within the atmospheric window of materials is necessary for efficient RC, and excellent solar reflection is also important for RC under sunshine. Thus, different materials with the tailored spectrum, such as photonic structures (15–17), structure materials (18), energy-saving paints (19–21), and even metamaterials (22–24), have been reported for passive cooling. On the potential application level, RC implementations also span a range of fields, including passive cooling of buildings (25–27), thermal management of textiles and color surfaces (28–30), atmospheric water harvesting (31), and thermoelectric generation (32, 33). Although the reported PT and RC can generate heat and cold with high efficiency through different spectrally selective materials, most of the approaches are static and monofunctional, which can only provide heating or cooling under sunlight or darkness. Therefore, the dynamical integration of PT and RC for continuously efficient heat and cool harvesting is a new topic for the energy exploitation of the sun and outer space. The tunable combination of PT and RC hybrid utilization has been recently proposed, but mechanical methods such as switching (e.g., flip action) a PT absorber and an RC emitter manually (34) or changing the optical properties of the materials through extra force stimuli (35) are preferred.Herein, a smart strategy for the dynamic combination of daytime PT and nighttime RC is proposed, corresponding to continuously efficient energy harvesting from the sun and rejecting energy to the universe. A spectrally self-adaptive absorber/emitter (SSA/E) with solar absorption of over 0.8 and emissivity modulation capability of regulating from broadband emissivity of 0.25 within the mid-infrared (MIR) region to the selective high emissivity of 0.75 within the atmospheric window is designed and fabricated for the proof of the concept. Outdoor thermal experimental results demonstrate that the SSA/E can be heated to ∼170 °C above ambient temperature in the daytime PT mode and passively cooled to ∼20 °C below ambient temperature in the nighttime RC mode. Moreover, the heat and cool energy gains of the SSA/E system are respectively predicted to be 78% and 103% larger than those of the reference system that combines static and monofunctional PT absorber and RC emitter.     

Predictors of post coronary artery bypass grafting atrial fibrillation

Objective: To investigate the incidence and relative risk factors of post coronary artery bypass grafting(post-CABG) atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: 312 patients with CABG were reviewed and divided into an AF group and a non-AF group. Statistical analysis was used to compare the data between the two groups and screen for risk factors of post-CABG AF. Results: 103/312(33.01%) patients developed post-CABG AF. Univariate analysis showed that patients in AF group compared with those in non-AF group were more likely to have advanced age (≥ 70 years), early postoperative withdrawal of β-blockers, hypertension, left atrial enlargement ( ≥40 mm), a history of AF, prolonged p-wave duration ( ≥ 120 ms) and increased number of grafts (≥3). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (≥70 years), early postoperative withdrawal of β-blockers, hypertension, left atrial enlargement (≥40 mm) and a history of AF were highly related to post-CABG AF. Conclusion: The incidence of AF in patients following CABG was 33.01% in this study. Advanced age, early postoperative withdrawal of β-blockers,hypertension, left atrial enlargement and a history of AF were independent risk factors of post-CABG AF.