Effects of flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury

Hemin-nitrite-H2O2 system may play a role in liver oxidative injury in some pathological events. In this paper, the effects of the three active components of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, i.e. baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury were studied in liver homogenate, liver microsome and human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 cells. It was found that hemin-nitrite-H2O2 could induce liver homogenate protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and liver microsome protein oxidation; it also caused a decrease of HepG2 cells viability. Baicalein, baicalin and wogonin could inhibit protein nitration and lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate as well as in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, the inhibition order was baicalein>baicalin>wogonin. These three flavonoids also inhibited the oxidation of protein in liver microsome, the decrease of cell viability and the content of GSH in HepG2 cells, among which baicalin represented the most inhibitory effect. Besides, hemin-H2O2 induced cell injury could be augmented with the existence of nitrite, indicating protein nitration involved in hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury. These results demonstrated hemin-nitrite-H2O2 could induce liver injury through oxidizing or nitrating different biomolecules. Baicalein, baicalin and wogonin could inhibit hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury in dose-dependent manners by inhibiting oxidation and nitration.     

The psychometric validation of a 1-week recall period for the OAB-q

Introduction and hypothesis  

As shorter recall periods are sometimes preferable to longer recall periods, the objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics and measurement properties of the 1-week recall version of the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q).     

Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended release in male and female patients with overactive bladder

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended release (ER) in men and women with overactive bladder (OAB). METHODS: We analyzed data from two 12-wk, placebo-controlled trials of tolterodine ER (4mg QD). Patients completed 7-d bladder diaries and rated the urgency sensation associated with each micturition on a 5-point urgency rating scale. Micturitions were categorized by urgency rating: total (1-5), non-OAB (1-2), OAB (3-5), or severe OAB (4-5). Changes in micturitions during 24-h, daytime, and nocturnal intervals were assessed. RESULTS: At baseline, 73% (547 of 745) of men and 57% (539 of 953) of women were continent. By week 12, tolterodine ER (n=848) reduced OAB and severe OAB micturitions during 24-h, daytime, and nocturnal intervals in both sexes compared with placebo (n=850). Adverse event rates were low and similar across treatment and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In men and women with OAB, tolterodine ER reduced OAB and severe OAB micturitions, and was well tolerated.     

Cotransfection of Survivin and CD44v3 Short Hairpin RNAs Affects Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer

Introduction

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in humans, and the incidence rate is gradually increasing year by year. Survivin and CD44v3 are ideal targets for gene therapy due to their overexpression in colorectal cells. Studies show that downregulation of survivin could promote apoptosis and depress proliferation, and reduction of CD44v3 expression could inhibit tumor invasive capacity. It is difficult to achieve satisfactory curative effect.

Objective

In this study, we use survivin and CD44v3 short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) combined transfection into colorectal cancer cell line SW480 to investigate its effects on the cell apoptosis, proliferation and invasiveness.

Methods

ShRNA plasmids targeting survivin and CD44v3 were singly or co-transfected into SW480 cells.

Results

The co-transfection group exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on cell growth (P < 0.05) and the highest apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). In addition, the invasive capacity in the co-transfected group was the least. The tumor inhibition rate of the cotransfected group in xenograft tumor mice was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the microvessel density of the co-transfected group was significantly decreased compared with other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results suggest combined transfection of survivin shRNA and CD44v3 shRNA may produce a synergistic effect on gene therapy in colorectal cancer.     

艾滋病防治绩效的综合评价指标体系和权重的建立

目的建立艾滋病防治绩效综合评价指标体系,确定各级评价指标体系的权重值。方法基于绩效和投入产出的思想,采用Delphi法确定评价指标体系,通过AHP层次分析法对各级指标进行权重的计算。结果经过三轮专家咨询,确立了艾滋病防治绩效综合评价指标体系,包括:2个一级指标、6个二级指标和31个三级指标,得到了各级指标的权值。结论建立的综合评价指标体系和权重具有全面性、实用性、可操作性及科学性,有重要的推广应用价值。     

赞比亚34例次乙状结肠扭转的急诊手术治疗体会

目的总结乙状结肠扭转高发区的手术治疗经验。方法对LevyMuwanawasa综合医院2011年8月～2012年11月34例次成人乙状结肠扭转急诊手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。术中发现乙状结肠扭转肠襻长约60～120cm,扭转肠襻坏死但未穿孔4例。其中行乙状结肠无术中灌洗一期切除吻合术32例次,乙状结肠扭转复位加肠管固定术1例,乙状结肠扭转单纯复位1例。结果2例手术复位患者坦院后1～3月,症状复发再次入院行乙状结肠一期切除吻合术。30例次急诊一期切除吻合术患者均一期痊愈;术后随访1～12月,未见复发。2例次术后并发吻合口瘘,二次剖腹探查发现与吻合口张力过高有关,行Hartmann术后因感染性休克而死亡。结论乙状结肠扭转且扭转肠襻较长患者应首选乙状结肠切除吻合术,急诊一期乙状结肠无术中灌洗切除吻合术对于未穿孑L乙状结肠扭转患者是可行的,无张力吻合是手术关键。     

基于“整体观”探讨中药的研究思维和方法

中药源于自然，治疗疾病有自身的优势和特点，其作用方式一直是中药研究者们不断研究和探索的重要内容。本文从中医的“整体观”对中药起效机制进行深入思考，认为中药成分多样可契合生物多靶，而生物靶标之间的协同作用是中药起效机制的重要补充；此外，中药对情志及肠道菌群稳态的调节作用也不容忽视，或许可为今后开展中药作用机制的研究提供新的思维和方法。     

2016至2020年上海市某三级医院肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度相关性分析

目的：分析某三级综合性医院肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度之间的关系,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月住院患者肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率及同期抗菌药物使用强度,使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,以Pearson进行相关性检验。结果：临床共分离肺炎克雷伯菌3017株,分离率为26.05%(3017/11580)。2016至2018年肺炎克雷伯菌对大部分抗菌药物耐药率始终保持较高水平。从2019年开始,亚胺培南和美罗培南等抗菌药物耐药率呈现下降趋势。在抗菌药物使用强度上,一代、三代头孢菌素,β-内酰胺类抗生素/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂和喹诺酮类抗菌药物使用强度呈逐年上升趋势,碳青霉烯类抗菌药物使用强度呈缓慢下降趋势。肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑啉的耐药率与二代头孢AUD呈正相关(P＜0.05);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率与三代头孢和β-内酰胺类抗生素/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂AUD呈正相关(P＜0.05);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率与碳青霉烯类AUD呈负相关(P＜0.05);头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率与喹诺酮类药物AUD呈正相关(P＜0.05)。结论：通过多个部门对抗菌药物的合理使用进行联合管控,抗菌药物耐药率在2016至2018年波动平稳,在2019年后呈下降趋势,院内管理抗菌药物合理使用初见成效,但部分抗菌药物大量使用导致耐药率仍维持较高水平,临床应继续加强抗菌药物的合理使用,做好院内管控。     

尼卡地平对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者脑血流和功能的影响

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者在心肺转流（CPB）期间输注小剂量尼卡地平对脑血流和功能的影响。

方法 选择CPB下CABG患者64例,男41例,女23例,年龄60～79岁,BMI 18～29 kg/m²,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,NYHA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,左室射血分数≥50%。采用随机双盲数字表法将患者分为两组：尼卡地平组（N组）和生理盐水组（C组）,每组32例。N组在CPB开始后输注尼卡地平0.2～0.5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1,于CPB停机后停止输注。C组于相同时点输注同等容量生理盐水。记录麻醉诱导前（T₀）、外科切皮时（T₁）、CPB 30 min（T₂）、60 min（T₃）、停CPB 30 min（T₄）、60 min（T₅）的动脉血气、心输出量（CO）、颈内动脉血流量（Q-ICA）、颈内动脉直径（D-ICA）和局部脑氧饱和度（rScO₂）。记录术中去氧肾上腺素用量、术后拔管时间、ICU停留时间和术后住院时间。

结果 与C组比较,T₂—T₅时N组Q-ICA和D-ICA明显增加,rScO₂明显升高（P＜0.05）。两组T₀—T₅时动脉血气指标、T₀、T₁时Q-ICA、D-ICA和rScO₂、术中去氧肾上腺素用量、术后拔管时间、ICU停留时间和术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义。

结论 在CABG患者CPB期间输注小剂量尼卡地平可以增加颈内动脉血流量,升高rScO₂,减轻围术期神经功能损伤。