层粘连蛋白受体、Ⅳ型胶原的表达及微血管密度与乳腺癌转移的关系

目的：探讨乳腺癌组织层粘连蛋白受体（LN－R）、Ⅳ型胶原（Col Ⅳ)、间质微血管密度与乳腺癌淋巴结转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学S－P方法标记82例乳腺癌组织中LN－R、Col Ⅳ、FⅧRAg，并在第Ⅷ因子相关抗原（FⅧRAg)标记切片上计算微血管密度（MVD）。结果：LN－R表达强度及MVD的高低在乳腺癌有淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组间有差异；ColⅣ在两组间无差异。结论：乳腺癌间质微血管密度增加及LN－R表达增强可作为预测肿瘤转移及判断预后的指标。     

聚醚砜表面光固定脲酶的研究

我们利用含芳香叠氮基的光活性酯将脲酶光固定在聚醚砚（Polyether sulfone,PES）膜的表面。同时研究了紫外光辐照时间对固定化脲酶密度、固定化脲酶活性的影响，温度、PH值对自由脲酶、固定化脲酶相对活性的影响；并考察了固定化脲酶的相对活性随光活性酶浓度的变化、固定化脲酶的重复使用次数及储存稳定性等性质。结果表明，PES膜表面固定化脲酶的浓度为0.33mg/cm^2；当紫外光辐照时间为5分钟时，固定化脲酶的相对活性最高；固定化脲酶的最适Ph值和最适温度分别为7℃和50 ℃；在50℃时，连续使用12次后，固定化脲酶仍具有50%的催化活性；在4℃保存储存一个多月仍可保持80%的催化活性。     

组织工程化心脏瓣膜的研究进展

心脏瓣膜置换术是外科治疗瓣膜性心脏病的主要方法，但目前临床应用的人工瓣膜的远期效果尚不满意。近年来，随着组织工程学技术的进展，利用培养的自身组织细胞种植于支架材料表面，体外重新构建理想的心脏瓣膜植物日益成为研究热点。本文简述了心脏瓣膜工程的定义，细胞支架材料的选择，种子细胞的培养、种植方法以及组织工程化心脏瓣膜的评估，并指出下一步研究中尚需解决的问题。     

甲状腺大部切除术治疗桥本病9例临床分析

目的 通过分析9例桥本病的临床治疗，探讨其诊断及治疗方案。方法应用甲状腺大部切除要作为治疗主要手段。结果 9例痊愈，其中8例经病理证实合并有其它甲状腺疾病。结论 准确的诊断对于手术方式和范围的选择十分关键。     

Immunocytochemical localization of metallothionein and its relation to doxorubicin toxicity in transgenic mouse heart

Previous studies using a cardiac-specific metallothionein-overexpressing transgenic mouse model have demonstrated that metallothionein protects the heart from doxorubicin toxicity. The present study was undertaken to determine cellular and subcellular distribution of metallothionein and located the antioxidant action of this protein in the transgenic heart. Using light microscopic immunoperoxidase method, it was identified that the overexpressed metallothionein is localized exclusively in cardiomyocytes. The electron microscopic immunogold method revealed that elevated metallothionein is in nucleus, myofibers, and sarcoplasm. In contrast with these distributions, metallothionein in nontransgenic myocardium was undetectable by immunoperoxidase light microscopy and was seldom found in nucleus and myofibers by immunogold electron microscopy. Treatment with doxorubicin induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and severe damages in myofilaments and nucleus in nontransgenic myocardium. The most prominent injury, however, occurred in mitochondria, including striking size and shape changes, focal swelling and loss of cristae. These damages were rarely found in the doxorubicin-treated transgenic myocardium. In particular, the internal morphology of mitochondria was maintained essentially normal, although metallothionein was not localized in this compartment in transgenic hearts. This study thus demonstrates that although the subcellularly localized action of metallothionein is important, it also plays a significant role in protection against oxidative injury by doxorubicin in remote organelles.     

Freshly isolated astrocytes from rat hippocampus show two distinct current patterns and different [K(+)](o) uptake capabilities

Whether astrocytes predominantly express ohmic K(+) channels in vivo, and how expression of different K(+) channels affects [K(+)](o) homeostasis in the CNS have been long-standing questions for how astrocytes function. In the present study, we have addressed some of these questions in glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP(+)], freshly isolated astrocytes (FIAs) from CA1 and CA3 regions of P7-15 rat hippocampus. As isolated, these astrocytes were uncoupled allowing a higher resolution of electrophysiological study. FIAs showed two distinct ion current profiles, with neither showing a purely linear I-V relationship. One population of astrocytes had a combined expression of outward potassium currents (I(Ka), I(Kd)) and inward sodium currents (I(Na)). We term these outwardly rectifying astrocytes (ORA). Another population of astrocytes is characterized by a relatively symmetric potassium current pattern, comprising outward I(Kdr), I(Ka), and abundant inward potassium currents (I(Kin)), and a larger membrane capacitance (C(m)) and more negative resting membrane potential (RMP) than ORAs. We term these variably rectifying astrocytes (VRA). The I(Kin) in 70% of the VRAs was essentially insensitive to Cs(+), while I(Kin) in the remaining 30% of VRAs was sensitive. The I(Ka) of VRAs was most sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), while I(Kdr) of ORAs was more sensitive to tetraethylammonium (TEA). ORAs and VRAs occurred approximately equally in FIAs isolated from the CA1 region (52% ORAs versus 48% VRAs), but ORAs were enriched in FIAs isolated from the CA3 region (71% ORAs versus 29% VRAs), suggesting an anatomical segregation of these two types of astrocytes within the hippocampus. VRAs, but not ORAs, showed robust inward currents in response to an increase in extracellular K(+) from 5 to 10 mM. As VRAs showed a similar current pattern and other passive membrane properties (e.g., RMP, R(in)) to "passive astrocytes"in situ (i.e., these showing linear I-V curves), such passive astrocytes possibly represent VRAs influenced by extensive gap-junction coupling in situ. Thus, our data suggest that, at least in CA1 and CA3 regions from P7-15 rats, there are two classes of GFAP(+) astrocytes which possess different K(+) currents. Only VRAs seem suited to uptake of extracellular K(+) via I(Kin) channels at physiological membrane potentials and increases of [K(+)](o). ORAs show abundant outward potassium currents with more depolarized RMP. Thus VRAs and ORAs may cooperate in vivo for uptake and release of K(+), respectively.     

旋转叶轮血泵的发展与展望

主要从结构设计、轴承密封设计、控制系统设计三个方面介绍了旋转叶轮血泵技术的最新发展 ,并对其发展趋势做出了展望。     

2型糖尿病并血管病变患者免疫功能研究

目的 :探讨 2型糖尿病并血管病变患者血液中细胞免疫、体液免疫和C反应蛋白 (CRP)的变化。方法 :采用流式细胞术和免疫比浊法测定 42例糖尿病血管病变患者血液细胞免疫参数CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、B细胞和NK细胞、血清免疫球蛋白 (IgG、IgA、IgM)、补体 (C3、C4)等体液免疫参数和作为炎症介质的CRP ,并与5 0例 2型糖尿病无血管病变者及 46例正常对照组比较。结果 :2型糖尿病无论是否并发血管病变 ,与正常对照组比较CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8、B、NK显著性减低 (P <0 .0 1) ,IgA、IgM、C3、C4、CRP显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ;并发血管病变组与不并发血管病变组比较C4、CRP显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :2型糖尿病患者无论是否并发血管病变 ,机体细胞免疫和体液免疫都异常 ,且炎症介质CRP升高 ,并发血管病变患者机体的炎症介质进一步升高。     

弓形虫ROP2基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 :构建弓形虫棒状体蛋白 (ROP2 )基因重组质粒并在大肠杆菌中表达 ,用于筛选弓形虫新的诊断抗原和疫苗分子。方法 :根据ROP2基因已知序列 ,设计合成一对引物 ,用PCR方法从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增出ROP2基因片段 ,再克隆到pGEX 4T 1质粒 ,重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定 ,而后进行测序 ;重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)中进行ITPG诱导表达 ,表达产物经SDS PAGE及WesternBlot分析。结果 :ROP2基因PCR产物大小与预期相符 ,约 1 0 4 3bp ,重组质粒经酶切及PCR鉴定表明获得正确重组子 ,测序结果与已知序列基本吻合 ;SDS PAGE及免疫印迹显示ROP2融合蛋白表观分子量约为 5 5kDa ,表达产物约占菌体总蛋白1 7% ,具有一定的免疫反应性。结论 :克隆并表达了弓形虫ROP2基因 ,为下一步弓形虫诊断及疫苗研究奠定了基础